Research a general BIM topic presented in class and provide additional insights based on the current state of the industry.

VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY

CE 4425-01 Bryan Tharpe, P.E.

Dave Livingston

08/30/18

WHAT WE’RE GOING TO DO TODAY…

I. HW#1

II. Introduction to Building Information Modeling

I. The industry problem

II. Engineering analysis

III. CADD

IV. BIM defined

V. The layers of BIM

VI. Software

VII. Workflows

VIII. Obstacles

IX. Interoperability

X. Entities promoting BIM

XI. Groups, organizations, definitions

XII. Integrated Project Delivery

2002 NIST report: $15.8B each year is lost due to

fragmentation and loss of interoperability

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Credit Design Data

• What is Interoperability?

• The ability to manage and communicate electronic

product and project data between collaborating

firms’ and within individual companies’ design,

construction, maintenance, and business process

systems. (NIST report)

• Loss of interoperability:

• Manually re-entering data

• Using duplicate software packages

• Document/software version issues

• RFI processing

• Data translation

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• What is Fragmentation?

• The manufacturing supply chain is [almost] always

constant

• The building “supply chain” comprises:

• Owners

• Architects

• Mechanical, electrical engineers

• Structural engineers

• General Contractors

• Subcontractors

• Fabricators

• Equipment vendors

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Reference: Paul Teicholz, Stanford University

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• $10.6B borne by Owners and Operators

• $1.8B and $2.2B borne by GC’s and fabricators/suppliers

• $1.2B by architects and engineers

• Engineering analytical models

• 2D models

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• Engineering analytical models

• 3D models

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• Microstation by Bentley

• Autocadd by Autodesk

• “Computer Aided Drafting”

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• Framing plans are

“manually” entered

• The sizes, reactions,

shear connectors, etc.

are plain text

• Note the Rigid Frame

locations

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• Column schedules are manually entered; if

the design changes, corresponding changes

have to be made in the schedule

• The baseplate schedule is manually entered;

correlation to columns are “manually” done

• The footing schedule is manually entered; if

the load changes, the schedule has to be

changed

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• The rigid frame

elevations are manually

developed

• Changes have to be

tracked on the plans,

elevations and sections

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• Sections are manually

developed

• Architectural

references are

manually done

“The goal? To expedite the design process,

automate tasks, reduce errors

and trim costs.”

ACEC Engineering Inc., March 2008

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• Is BIM fundamentally different than CADD, or is it

simply a better drafting tool?

• Big industry question

• Yes, but do not underestimate 3D aspect

• Engineer imagines an idea in 3D

• Engineer draws 3D idea in 2D

• Contractor gets fabricators create parts from 2D

representations

• Contractor builds 3D element

• Engineer wonders why what was built doesn’t match original

idea…

•Can be a NOUN or a VERB

•Building Information Modeling, Building Information Model

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• Data is raw facts

• Information is data given relevant context

• CADD is data

• BIM, by name, is information

• The moving from CADD to BIM is going from data to

information

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Building Information Modeling (BIM) is the process of generating and managing building data during its life cycle using three-dimensional, real-time, dynamic building modeling software to decrease

wasted time and resources in building design and construction. This process produces the

building information model (also abbreviated BIM), which encompasses building geometry,

spatial relationships, geographic information, and quantities and properties of building

components. From Wikipedia

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 BIM is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of facility components in order to build it virtually before building it physically.

 It is the linking of analysis programs with “CADD” programs. The fundamental concept is to collect data at its point of creation and enter that data once and then allow it to be used, fine tuned, and passed along to others throughout the lifespan of the building.

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 It encompasses the entire lifespan of the building. It defines and simulates the building, its delivery, and its operation.

 It contains all the information on the building, including contracts, specifications, drawings, budgets and operational procedures.

 It is not just 3D CADD.

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• Consider BIM in layers…

Visualization

Space Mgmt

Auto

generation

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3D

coordination

Equipment

info

Eng analysis

Laser

scanning

Energy

modeling

4D, 5D

Downstream

collaboration

Procurement

Fabrication

Prefab

Facilities

Mgmt

Augmented

reality

This is where delivery models change (IPD)

▪ Three dimensional modeling and design  3D virtual, intelligent representation  Visualization  Automatic documentation of design  Space management reporting  Automated code checking

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▪ Engineering analysis ▪ Analysis programs “understand”

the BIM ▪ Transfer of analytical results with

documentation program ▪ Structural, HVAC, energy

modeling, lighting

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▪ Clash detection

 Elements “know” when they are trying to occupy the same space

 Hard clashes and soft clashes

 “Design” model clash detection and

 “Construction” model clash detection

 Integration of laser scans

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▪ 4D and 5D

▪ Quantity generation

▪ Links between model and costing software

▪ Links between model and scheduling software

▪ Links to fabrication

▪ Fabrication directly from model

▪ Prefabrication of elements

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▪ Facility Management

▪ Repository of information for

Owner’s use

▪ Space management, equipment

information (electronic O&M)

▪ Interface for building control

▪ Augmented reality

▪ BIM is not a specific software package

▪ Generally, the software can be broken into:

▪ 3D, with information, authoring tools

▪ Often referred to as “platforms”

▪ Evolution of “cadd” packages

▪ Analysis tools, plug-ins, other stuff

▪ Engineering analysis packages

▪ Estimating packages

▪ Clash detection packages

▪ BIM packages and plug-ins take many forms

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▪ BIM platforms: ▪ Not one size fits all

▪ AIA Large Firm Forum: BIM Evaluation Study

▪ Bentley: Bentley Architecture, Structure, etc. ▪ Vendor that has Microstation

▪ Part of multi-disciplinary family of products

▪ Supports high end renderings and large projects

▪ Steep learning curve

▪ Needs more documentation

▪ Autodesk: Revit ▪ Vendor that has AutoCadd

▪ Tends to be easy to learn and set up

▪ Ecosystem of third-party tools

▪ Large file sizes

▪ Model navigation is challenging

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▪ Other stuff

▪ Engineering analysis software

▪ Ram Structural system / HVAC load analysis, etc.

▪ Clash detection packages

▪ Navisworks/Navigator

▪ Laser scanning packages

▪ Estimating/Scheduling packages

▪ Primavera / Timberline

▪ Other-other stuff

▪ Sketchup

▪ Steel detailing packages

▪ Facilities Management software

▪ Controls software

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Arch’l base

sheets

Framing plans

in cadd

Analytical

model built

Structural

design

Plans with bulk structure,

sizes, openings

Coordination

with team

In this workflow, we have

the flexibility of either the

engineer or the cadd

operator hitting the job first

We have to QC the

design model, the plans,

and the model-to-plan

information transference

▪ Intradisciplinary workflow ▪ GS&P Structural Department

example…workflow from past

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Arch’l base

sheets /

model

Analytical

model built

Structural

design

Model with bulk

structure, sizes,

openings

Coord.

with team

We typically begin with the

analytical model in Ram. This

has changed our philosophy in

staff mix, but only with respect to

how we grow. We have

maintained our flexibility from

before by being able to frame the

structure in either Ram or our

BIM package of choice. Note,

some begin with the BIM, then

move to the analysis software.

This workflow has introduced

a higher level dependence

on the model’s accuracy.

Our QC

procedures now

include additional

steps with respect

to reviewing the

model.

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▪ Intradisciplinary workflow ▪ GS&P Structural Department

example…current workflow

• Adequate training

• Greatest challenge

• Few are experts in beginning, so limited training resources

• Cost

• Senior management buy-in

• Have to justify costs; hard without readily available data on ROI

• Cost of software packages

• Cost of required hardware upgrades

• Computers, servers, communication lines

• No external incentives

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▪ Industry knowledge of the process.

▪ Old school versus new school.

▪ Lack of knowledge of best practices

▪ Daunting scope and potential

▪ Fee curves

▪ Obstacles reducing every year!

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▪ There is no case law or accepted forms of agreements to use as a guide in the allocation of risk. ▪ Contractual Silos

▪ Insurance

▪ Technologies exist today that can create process possibilities that far exceed norms of practice and well-understood business protocols, such as the assignment of risk and liability and the associated rewards (fee).

▪ “For reference only” limitations, disclaimers of accuracy.

▪ Lack of Team Consistency - Project teams come together for a particular project; a variable team of designers, suppliers, fabricators and distributors which rarely work together more than once. This changes those established relationships.

▪ Risk ▪ Data ownership

▪ Data sharing

▪ Data accuracy

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• INTEROPERABILITY I N

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Credit: NASCC-BIM 102 Lipman

• 6 software packages

• Each has proprietary format

• 30 import/export translators

• Adding 1 more software adds

12 translators

• 6 software packages

• Translate only to/from product

model

• 12 translators

• Adding 1 more software adds

only 2 translators

• Reality is combination

• Incomplete models

• Strategic alliances

▪ BIM initiatives:

▪ Construction Users Roundtable (CURT) ▪ “The mission of The Construction Users

Roundtable (CURT) is to promote cost effectiveness for owners doing business in the United States by providing aggressive leadership on issues that will significantly improve project engineering, maintenance and construction processes, thereby creating value for owners.”

▪ American Institute of Architects (AIA)

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▪ BIM initiatives:

▪ General Services Administration (GSA)

▪ Largest building owner in the world

▪ Desire to move to model based delivery

▪ Initial Program:

▪ Wide and Shallow as a rule

▪ Program justification

▪ Visualization

▪ Narrow and Deep pilot projects

▪ November 1, 2006: 01 GSA Building Information Modeling Guide Series 01 – 3D/4D BIM Overview

▪ First version identified as Version 0.50 to “indicate its … status”

▪ GSA BIM Guide Series 02 – Spatial Program Validation

▪ GSA BIM Guide Series 03 – 3D laser scanning

▪ GSA BIM Guide Series 04 – 4D [time] phasing

▪ GSA BIM Guide Series 05 – Energy performance

▪ GSA BIM Guide Series 06 – Circulation and Security Validation

▪ GSA BIM Guide Series 07 – Building Elements

▪ GSA BIM Guide Series 09 – Facility Management

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▪ BIM initiatives:

▪ US Army Corps of Engineers

▪ Issued in 2006

▪ 2008: Some centers productive in BIM

▪ 2010: All districts productive in BIM

▪ 2012: Full Operational Capability. NBIMS used for all projects as a part of project advertisement

▪ 2020: Automation of Life-Cycle Tasks.

▪ Plan has goals AND metrics

▪ BIM Manager approach

▪ Scope defined

▪ BIM addendum contracts

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▪ BIM initiatives:

▪ State of Wisconsin

▪ Required on all state projects with $2.5/$5.0M or more

▪ Architects and Structural engineers

▪ All drawings and schedules required shall be extractions

▪ MEP models shall include geometry, physical characteristics and product data

▪ Will consider fee reallocation

▪ Final models in IFC

▪ Must start in Schematic phase (Criteria design)

▪ Model in existing conditions

▪ Provides detailed scope

▪ Evaluation document

▪ Updated 10/1/2012

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▪ BIM initiatives:

▪ American Institute of Steel Construction

▪ One of the leaders in BIM adoption

▪ Detailers have used 3D software, with intelligence, for 20 years

▪ Engineers have used 3D software, with intelligence, for 15 years

▪ Abolished Detailing committee and IT committee

▪ Created Technology Integration (TI) committee ▪ The Technology Integration Committee’s mission is simple; Integrate

Technology to Revolutionize the Structural Steel Supply Chain. This of course includes ensuring effective use of BIM and the delivery methods that benefit from BIM but also includes adoption of technology up and down the supply chain to ensure better communication, better productivity and a better bottom line.

▪ Current activities:

▪ Transparency in material availability

▪ Pricing, ordering and procuring of steel

▪ Price information during design

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• TOO MANY TERMS! TOO MANY ORGANIZATIONS!

• buildingSMARTalliance (formerly known as the

International Alliance for Interoperability)

• a council of the National Institute of Building

Sciences • The National Institute of Building Sciences is a non-profit, non-governmental

organization that successfully brings together representatives of government,

the professions, industry, labor and consumer interests, and regulatory

agencies to focus on the identification and resolution of problems and

potential problems that hamper the construction of safe, affordable structures

for housing, commerce and industry throughout the United States. Authorized

by the U.S. Congress, the Institute provides an authoritative source and a

unique opportunity for free and candid discussion among private and public

sectors within the built environment.

• NBIMS: National Building Information

Modeling Standard • The primary purpose of the NBIMS Project is to harmonize, align, reference

or otherwise develop the use of advanced open standards and mainstream

computing techniques to enable the full integration of any AEC data type and

the processing resources

• NBIMS V1-P1 is a guidance document on how to establish a standard

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• FIATECH

• FIATECH is a consortium of industries and companies – owners from the

industrial, power, and retail markets and also includes leading providers of

engineering, design, and construction services. All in the consortium are

united by one goal – to make a step change improvement in the design,

engineering, construction, and maintenance of large capital assets.

• Collaborating with a Neutral 3D Model project: This project is developing the

roadmap checklist and associated work-process in defining what is the

minimum requirement for model exchanges (geometry as well as intelligent

data) amongst the key stakeholders with different 3D modeling systems to

meet material management and construction deliverables.

• BIM for Precast Concrete project

• Association of General Contractors

• BIM Committee

• Consensus Docs

• Open Geospatial Consortium

• Performing research on the integration of GIS, CAD and BIM.

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Owner

Designer Contractor

Owner

Designer

Contractor

Traditional Contract

Design-Bid-Build

Traditional Contract

Design-Build

Owner

ContractorDesigner

Integrated Project Delivery

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▪ Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) integrates people, systems, business structures and practices into a process that collaboratively harnesses the talents and insights of all participants to reduce waste and optimize efficiency through all phases of design, fabrication and construction.

▪ It is not communication, it is not information sharing, it is leveraging team knowledge

▪ Beginning when the project is first conceptualized, the integrated process continues throughout the full life cycle of the facilities.

▪ Responsibility is placed on the most able person with decisions being made on a “best for project” basis.

▪ BIM is not required, but deemed essential

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Owner

ContractorDesigner

Integrated Project Delivery