Confucianism and Shinto
N/AAA
04-ReligionsofOrient-DaoismandConfucianism.pdf
Narrative/Mythic
...the way the universe works...
The Dao is so clear and so transparent that it is nearly invisible, nearly formless; no one can know its origin, for it came before all creation.
— Dao-De-Jing, IV
Narrative/Mythic
Zhou dynasty Xiangu pass: entrance to Qin state
Yin-Xi: guardian of the pass Wrote the Dao-De-Jing there Born ?; Died ?
Shiji or Records of the Historian — Sima Qian, AD 100
Narrative/Mythic
The Three Pure Ones
Narrative/Mythic
Pi disc
Narrative/Mythic
Narrative/Mythic
Narrative/Mythic
goddess of the moon
Narrative/Mythic
Narrative/Mythic
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LA N
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Narrative/Mythicthese Xian dwell in Penglai-Shan
Narrative/Mythic
Men-Shen: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yZwtZOEhlzw
Narrative/Mythic
"When you wake up in the morning," said Piglet, "what's the first thing you say to yourself?"
"What's for breakfast? said Pooh. "What do you say, Piglet?"
"I say, I wonder what's going to happen exciting today?" said Piglet.
Pooh nodded thoughtfully. "It's the same thing," he said.
"Rabbit's clever," said Pooh thoughtfully. "Yes," said Piglet, "Rabbit's clever."
"And he has Brain." "Yes," said Piglet, "Rabbit has Brain."
There was a long silence. "I suppose," said Pooh, "that that's why
he never understands anything." Doctrinal/Philosophical
Tianshi
Shangqing Quanzhen
Zhenda Taiyi
Daojiao: Teachings of the Way
Daojia: Lineage of the Way
Zhengyi
Doctrinal/Philosophical
Lingbao
Doctrinal/Philosophical
Dao Tsang
The Classic of the Way and Power
Doctrinal/Philosophical
Meng, 370-301 BC
Dao Tsang
The Divine Classic of Nan-Hua
Dao Tsang
Compiled and organized by Lu Xiujing (AD 406-477)
Cavern of Perfection consisting of Supreme Clarity scriptures
Cavern of Mystery containing the Numinous Treasure scriptures
Cavern of Spirit containing the Three Sovereigns Scriptures
When superior persons learn the Dao, they practice it with zest.
When average persons learn of the Dao, they are indifferent.
When petty persons learn of the Dao, they laugh loudly.
If they did not laugh, it would not be worthy of being the Dao.
— Dao-De-Jing, XLI
The Dao gave birth to the One... …the One gave birth to the Two…
…the Two gave birth to the Three… …and the Three gave birth to the Ten Thousand Things.
— Dao-De-Jing, XLII
chaos hundun
ordering de
10,000 things wanwu
Doctrinal/Philosophical
Doctrinal/Philosophical
Primal energy in its simplicity is diversified And thus becomes useful.
The Wise know the usefulness of tools While keeping to the simplicity of Being.
— Dao-De-Jing, XXVIII
Knowing the masculine While keeping to the feminine
Channels virtue And returns to Innocence.
Knowing the white While keeping to the black
Becomes a model for the world And returns to the Absolute.
Knowing honor While keeping in humility
Receives the world And returns to wholeness.
Nothing under heaven is softer or more yielding than water; but when it attacks things hard and resistant there is not one of them that can prevail. For they can find no way of altering it.
— Dao-De-Jing, II Doctrinal/Philosophical
(effortless action or inaction)
Doctrinal/Philosophical( potential)
spontaneity (ziran)
Doctrinal/Philosophical( perspective)
( non-being and being)
Cut doors and windows for a room;
It is the holes which make it useful.
Doctrinal/Philosophical
It is the space within that makes it useful.
Ritual/Practical
Ritual/Practical
Bored in Heaven: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ErCz3KGcdw
Ritual/Practical
Ritual/PracticalSword ritual: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P1IZZsf5K3w
Ritual/Practical
rite of initiation
Ritual/Practical
rite of passage
Rural funeral: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=igumqKxtiH0
Ritual/Practical
last rites
Narrative/Mythic
Qing-ming: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5VdPMWcGHfI
Mountain of Immortals
Wu-dang: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6EyGrVqrxg
Experiential/Emotional
Experiential/Emotional
Ritual/Practical
Surviving a “fast of the mind” to become one
with the Dao...
Entering into a different dimension via
a trance-like state...
Ritual/Practical
When one is in a dream,
One does not know one is dreaming.
One may even dream while in the middle of dreaming.
Only after awakening does one realize it was a dream.
Similarly, only after one experiences Great Awakening,
Does one realize that this is all one big dream.
— Zhuang Tze, IX
Experiential/Emotional
ta shueh a Great Awakening from
the dream that is life
hsüan-t’ung being one with the Dao (a state equivalent to
enlightenment)
Experiential/Emotional
Shen Xian (Spirit) Gui Xian (Ghost or Phantom) Tian Xian (Heavenly) De Xian (Earthly) Ren Xian (Human)
“Regard your neighbor’s gain as your gain, and your neighbor’s loss as your loss.”
—Tai Shang Kan Yin P’ien
Ethical/Legal
Ethical/Legal
What is acceptable we call acceptable; what is unacceptable we call unacceptable.
*Zhuang-tze, II
[They] rely upon this alone, rely upon it, and [do] not know [they are] doing so. This is called the Way.
The constant is the useful; the useful is the passable; the passable is the successful; and with success, all is accomplished.
6. The Precepts of the Three Primes
7. The Fifty-Eight Prayers of Great Clarity
8. The Great Precepts of Self-Observation
9. Scripture of Prohibitions and Precepts
10. Ten Items of Dignified Observances
11. Precepts of Initial Perfection
Ethical/Legal
1. The 180 Precepts of Lord Lao
2. Precepts of the Highest Lord Lao
3. The Essential Precepts of Master Redpine
4. The Great Precepts of the Highest Rank
5. Scripture of the Ten Precepts
Social/Institutional
Social/Institutional
Social/Institutional
sage
realized person
Social/Institutional
If you want to be a great leader, you must learn to follow the Dao. Stop trying to control. Let go of fixed plans and concepts, and the world will govern itself. The more prohibitions you have, the less virtuous people will be. The more weapons you have, the less secure people will be. The more subsidies you have, the less self-reliant people will be. Therefore the Master says: I let go of the law, and people become honest. I let go of economics, and people become prosperous. I let go of religion, and people become serene. I let go of all desire for the common good,
and the good becomes common as grass.
—Dao-De-Jing, LVIII
Material/ArtisitcPhotos http://www.stephenbuteraphoto.com/galleries/the-dongyue-temple-visions-of-the-taoist-netherworld/ Temple grounds: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCYp1ak6xgg
Spiritual ink painting: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fK9rMiD3Wc Material/Artisitc
Narrative/Mythic
Kong-fu-tze
Confucius
c. 5000 BC Human settlement in Shanxi.
2100 – 1600 BC Semi-mythical Xia dynasty.
1600 – 1100 BC Shang dynasty: written language.
1100 – 771 BC Zhou dynasty: The Mandate of Heaven.
771 – 221 BC Warring States Period: influential sages.
221 – 207 BC Qin dynasty: Terracotta army.
206 BC – AD 220 Han Dynasty: Confucianism established.
Narrative/Mythic
Beijing
Then: Lu State Now: Shandong Province
Narrative/Mythic
Narrative/Mythic
Confucius married at 19. He and his wife Qiguan
had one son and two daughters.
Narrative/Mythic
Appointed by the Duke of Lu as
governor of a small town in Lu state.
He was promoted to minister of
public works and then Minister of
Crime for Lu state.
Hierarchy of gods
Narrative/Mythic
Zhilu asked the Master about serving the spirits.
Confucius said, “If you can't yet serve men, how can you serve
the spirits?”
Lu said, “May I ask about death?” Confucius said, “If you don't
understand what life is, how will you understand death?”
— Lunyu or The Analects, XI.11
Narrative/Mythic
Doctrinal/Philosophical
Doctrinal/Philosophical
AD 960 – 1279
The Master said, "Shan, my doctrine is that of an all-pervading unity."
The disciple Tsang replied, "Yes."
The Master went out, and the other disciples asked, saying, "What do his words mean?"
Tsang said, "The doctrine of our master is to be true to the principles of our nature and the benevolent exercise of these to others—this and nothing more. "
— Lunyu or The Analects IV.15
Doctrinal/Philosophical
Doctrinal/Philosophical
Do not look in a way which is not li, do not listen in a way that is not li, do not speak in a way that is not li, do not move in a way that is not li.
— Lunyu or The Analects XII.1
“Respectfulness, without the rules of propriety, becomes laborious bustle; carefulness, without the rules of propriety, becomes timidity; boldness, without the rules of propriety, becomes insubordination; straightforwardness, without the rules of propriety, becomes rudeness.”
— Lunyu or The Analects VIII.2
“To subdue one's self and return to propriety, is perfect virtue.” — Lunyu or The Analects, XII.1
The Master said, “When we see a virtuous person, we should think to become virtuous; when we see a person of questionable character, we should turn inwards and examine ourselves.”
— Lunyu or The Analects, IV.17 Doctrinal/Philosophical
Someone asked Confucius: “Why are you not involved in government?” Confucius said, “What does the Book of History say about filial piety? ‘Just by being a good son and friendly to ones brothers and sisters you can have an effect on government.’ Since this is also ‘doing government,’ why do I need to be in government?’”
— Lunyu or The Analects, II.2
The family metaphor applied to the community, the country, and the cosmology.
Stratified relationships: Ruler/Ruled
Parent/Child Elder/Younger
Doctrinal/Philosophical
Traits of the Gentleman Ren as reworked noblesse oblige:
an actor on a stage, careful, almost liturgical, etiquette. Humaneness that stems from negative Golden-Rule:
the gentleman must know himself! Equanimity manifested as a love for justice:
a turning inward.
“Virtue is not left to stand alone. He who practices it will have neighbors.”
— Lunyu or The Analects, IV.25
Doctrinal/Philosophical
Traits of the Scholar Quiet sitting to rectify the mind: self-examination; Humility in that he is receptive to correction: love of learning; Loves in a reciprocal manner: those closest most.
A scholar...who is ashamed of bad clothes and bad food, is not fit to be discoursed with.“
— Lunyu or The Analects, IV.9 Doctrinal/Philosophical
Ritual/PracticalIncense prayer: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_RCMfiAoqw
Ritual/Practical
Confucian temple: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VzLrQYxB4TU
Spirit walls keep ghosts out. (They can only move in straight lines.)
Ritual/Practical
Ritual/Practical
Ritual/Practical
Joss paper: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=reD47Qd5oU0
Ritual/Practicalrite of passage
Important for learning patience
and love; thus allowing for
virtue
The philosopher Tsang said, "Let there be a careful attention to perform the funeral rites to parents, and let them be followed when long gone with the ceremonies of sacrifice;
then the virtue of the people will resume its proper excellence.“ — Lunyu or The Analects, I.9
Ritual/Practical
last rites
Jeju island, South Korea
Ritual/Practical
Established by Kong-fu-tze's 48th
generation descendant, Duke Kong Duanyou in
1136 in Zhejiang. A local school temple
was converted into the present-day temple
which is still owned by Kong-fu-tze's descendants.
Discovery of the true self means discovering true reality... —Yang-Ming-Tze
Ritual/Practical
Nobles
Peasants
Zhou Dynasty
Social/Institutional
Kong Fu Tze
Greed Hatred Lust for power Egotism Callousness
Social/Institutional
“Do not impose upon others those things that you yourself do not desire.”
— Lunyu or The Analects, XII.2 (Ren); XV.24 (Shu)
Ethical/Legal
Ethical/Legal
"What the superior man seeks, is in himself.
What the mean man seeks, is in others." — Lunyu or The Analects, XV.20
Ethical/LegalChinese family tree: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nCFRoILS1jY
The Duke of She told Confucius: “In my land,
there are righteous men. If a father steals a sheep, the
son will testify against him.”
Confucius said, “The righteous men in my land
are different from this. The father conceals the wrongs
of his son, and the son conceals the
wrongs of his father. This is the correct way!”
— Lunyu or The Analects XIII.18
Ethical/Legal
Said the Duke: “Fighting with these multitudes, who can withstand me?” Replied the sage: “If you were to pacify the feudal lords through the power of virtue (de), who would not submit?
— Lunyu or The Analects, I.9
Follow the Way of Heaven
Respond to sage Emperor
Encouraged by filial piety
Innate compassion
Experiential/Emotional
Moral cultivation
Encouraged by social life
State as disciplinarian
Ordered society is the end
Experiential/Emotional
Experiential/Emotional
Chinese Men Outnumber Women
by 33 Million “Leftover Women”
(Sheng Nu) are stigmatized
SK-II Marriage Market Takeover: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m7e2TS1GlyU
Material/Artistic
Ritual Music Archery Chariot-riding Calligraphy Mathematics
Calligraphy vs computer font: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cWUB9EnpPa8
Dragon Boat Festival Zong Zi
Material/Artistic
Qu Yuan 340 - 278 BC
Material/Artistic
1. Chan, Wing-tsit, trans. A Source Book in Chinese Philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969. 2. Chin, Ann-ping. The Authentic Confucius: A Life of Thought and Politics. New York: Scribner, 2007. 3. Chung, Edward Y. J. The Korean Neo-Confucianism of Yi T’oegye and Yi Yulgok. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. 4. Confucius. The Analects of Confucius. Translation and notes by Simon Leys. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. 5. De Bary, William Theodore, and Richard Lufrano, eds. Sources of Chinese Tradition Series, New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. 6. De Bary, William Theodore, Donald Keene, George Tanabe, and Paul Varley, eds. Sources of Japanese Tradition Series. New York: Columbia University Press, 2001–2005. 7. Durrant, Stephen W. The Cloudy Mirror: Tension and Conflict in the Writings of Sima Qian. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995. 8. Graham, A. C. Disputers of the Tao: Philosophical Argument in Ancient China. La Salle: Open Court, 1989. 9. Hardy, Grant. Worlds of Bronze and Bamboo: Sima Qian’s Conquest of History. New York: Columbia University Press, 1999. 10. Ivanhoe, Philip J., and Bryan W. Van Norden, eds. Readings in Classical Chinese Philosophy. Indianapolis: Hackett, 2001. 11. Kohn, Livia. Daoism and Chinese Culture. Cambridge: Three Pines Press, 2001. 12. Lau, D. C., Lao Tzu: Tao Te Ching New York: Penguin, 1964. 13. Lieberthal, Kenneth. Governing China: From Revolution to Reform. New York: Norton, 2003. 14. Moeller, Hans-Georg. The Philosophy of the Daodejing. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006. 15. Reid, T. R. Confucius Lives Next Door: What Living in the East Teaches Us about Living in the West. New York: Vintage, 1999. 16. Schram, Stuart. The Thought of Mao Tse-Tung. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. 17. Sima Qian. The First Emperor: Selections from the Historical Records. Translated by Raymond Dawson. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. 18. Sunzi. Sun Tzu: The Art of War. Translated by Samuel B. Griffith. London: Oxford, 1963. 19. Swann, Nancy Lee. Pan Chao: Foremost Woman Scholar of China. Ann Arbor: Center for Chinese Studies, 2001. 20. Terrill, Ross. Mao: A Biography. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. 21. Wriggins, Sally. The Silk Road Journey with Xuanzang. New York: Basic Books, 2003. 22. Zhuangzi. The Complete Works of Chuang Tzu. Translated by Burton Watson. New York: Columbia University Press, 1968.
