Transnational Organized Crime

Homeland Security, First Edition © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Transnational Organized Crime and Terrorism

CHAPTER 7

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

7-*

Distinguishing Types or Categories of Crime

• Street Crime
• Organized Crime
• White-Collar Crime
• Transnational Organized Crime

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

7-*

Impact of Transnational Organized Crime

• TOC Intrusions Into Legitimate Government and Business Activities
• TOC Soldiers Organize Into Government Approved Militias
• TOC Undermines and Threatens the State Not Only in Terms of Justice and Social Order, But Also in Terms of Economic Viability
• TOC and Illicit Criminal Economics Threaten the Security of the State

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

7-*

Conditions Facilitating Transnational Organized Crime

• Globalization of the Economy
• Increased Numbers and Heterogeneity of Immigrants
• Improved Communications Technology
• Weak Governments Play a Key Role in the Formation of TOC

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

7-*

Networking:
The Etiology of Transnational Organized Crime Groups

• Political Models
• Economic Models
• Social Models

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

7-*

How Transnational Crime is Organized

• Standard Hierarchy
• Regional Hierarchy
• Clustered Hierarchy
• Core Groups
• Criminal Network

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

7-*

Transnational Organized Crime Activities

• Drug Trafficking
• Human Trafficking
• Smuggling of Technology and WMD Materials
• Arms Trafficking
• Trafficking in Precious Gems

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

7-*

Transnational Organized Crimes Activities (continued)

• Piracy
• Non-Drug Contraband Smuggling
• Counterfeiters
• Financial Fraud
• Environmental Crimes

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

7-*

Links Between Transnational, Organized Crime and Terrorist Organizations

• Both Operate Secretly and Usually From an Underground
• Both Use Muscle and Ruthlessness and Produce Mainly Civilian Victims
• Intimidation is Characteristic of Both Groups
• Both Use Similar Tactics: Kidnappings, Assassinations, and Extortion
• Both Exert Control Over Individuals Within the Group
• Both Use Front Organizations such as Legitimate Businesses or Charities