Intro to Intelligence-Political and Social Foundations

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Homeland Security, First Edition © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Political and Social Foundations of Terrorism

CHAPTER 5

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Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5-*

Understanding Terrorism and Its Potential Impact on the United States

  • Terrorism Roots
  • Terrorism History
  • Terrorism Motivation
  • Terrorism Political and Social Implications

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5-*

Defining Terrorism

  • Socially Constructed With Various Definitions of the Term
  • Can Originate From a Variety of Sources or Directions
  • Important to Develop an Operational Definition

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5-*

Definition of Terrorism by Agencies:

  • Federal Bureau of Investigations
  • U.S. Department of Defense
  • U.S. Department of State

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5-*

Four Consistent Themes That Define Terrorism:

  • Terrorism Involves Premeditation
  • Terrorist Acts Are Motivated by Some Political Agenda
  • Terrorist Generally Target Noncombatants or Civilians
  • Terrorist are Generally Sub-national or Clandestine Groups

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5-*

Configuration of a Particular Terrorist Group is Dependent On:

  • Environment
  • Relationship With the State
  • Motivation
  • Goals

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5-*

A Brief History of Terrorism

  • Early Focus of Terrorism
  • The French Revolution
  • Late 19th and Early 20th Century Terrorism
  • Terrorism in Late 20th Century
  • Terrorism Today

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5-*

The Roots and Causes of Terrorism

  • Civilizations or Culture Clashes
  • Globalization
  • Religion
  • Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
  • Russian Invasion of Afghanistan

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5-*

Individual Explanations of Terrorism

  • Frustration – Aggression
  • Relative Deprivation
  • Negative Identity
  • Narcissistic Rage
  • Moral Disengagement

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5-*

Types of Terrorism

  • State-Sponsored Terrorism
  • Dissent Terrorism
  • Terrorists and the Left and Right
  • Religious Terrorism
  • Criminal Terrorism

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5-*

Level of Terrorist Activities

  • Number of Attacks and Their Impacts
  • Number of Casualties as a Result of Attacks
  • Attacks in Iraq and Afghanistan

Homeland Security, First Edition Gaines

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

5-*

Strategies for Dealing With Terrorism

  • Crushing Terrorist Groups Unilaterally
  • Crushing Terrorist Groups Multilaterally
  • Containment
  • Defense
  • Diversion
  • Delegitimizing
  • Transforming Terrorist Breeding Grounds