36192 - 4 Slides within 24 hours
ltdprinwival
__Do_Not_Copy_Any_of_This_for_Your_Project_.pptxDiagnosis of Depression in Early Childhood
NAME
University of Houston-Downtown
Research Question What factors lead to depression in early childhood? Font should be bigger
What is Depression? -A serious medical illness that affects how one feels, thinks, and act -Feelings of sadness about life and losing interest in previous activities -Continues for months or years Should include a scientific reference in APA format
What is Depression?
History of Depression
Depression was initially called ‘melancholia’(BC Mesapotamia)
Mental illnesses were attributed to demonic possession and treated by priests
Hippocrates proposed that mental illnesses were related to imbalance of hormones in the body
During the Renaissance, people were executed for mental illness but doctors believed Hippocrates who asserted that mental illness was due to natural causes
In the 18th and 19th centuries, people believed depression was inherited and that those with illnesses should be locked up
Symptoms of depression
Irritability
Feelings of sadness
Social withdrawal
Increased sensitivity to rejection
Change in appetite and sleep
Outbursts and difficulty concentrating
Video:Leah’s story
Research Article 1
Title: Understanding the developmental interrelations among symptoms of anxiety, depression, and conduct problems during early childhood
Hypothesis: Co-occurrence between anxiety, depression and conduct problems: causes or consequences?
The sample was a group of 2,000 children between the ages of 3-10
The researcher used data from the SOFIA study( Social and Physical Development, Interventions and Adaption)
Data was collected in waves, once at ages 3-5, 4-6, 5-7, and 8-10
Fanti, K. A., Hellfeldt, K., Colins, O. F., Meehan, A., Andershed, A., & Andershed, H. (2018). Worried, sad, and breaking rules? Understanding the developmental interrelations among symptoms of anxiety, depression, and conduct problems during early childhood. Journal of Criminal Justice. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.09.00 – cite with journal vol # & pgs
Method
Students were assessed with questionnaires in each age period by their parents and teachers
Questions used included variety of anxiety or depression(feelings of anxious, worried or nervousness)
Responses on a scale of 1(does not apply) to 4(applies very much)
Results
All variables showed longitudinal continuity
There was a positive correlation for depressive symptoms among boys and girls
Data for girls showed anxiety symptoms and conduct problems
Boys had the same result but was weak in magnitude
Conclusion: In a longitudinal study, conduct problems increased the risk for anxiety and risk for depression. The symptoms shown could predict anxiety in the future. The findings were consistent in both genders but unidirectional effect from preschool to early childhood was prominent in females.
Strengths+Weaknesses
Strengths: Parents were compensated for their time assessing their child
Weakness: Teachers worked for free completing the questionnaires on their own time
Research Article 2: Influence of childhood trauma on depression in the INDDEP study
Hypothesis: The experience of childhood trauma is associated with more severe symptoms: emotional neglect and abuse show the strongest association with depression. Children without childhood trauma show the least symptoms
604 patients were assessed during admission, discharge, follow up after 3 and 12 months.
Questionnaires used to assess included a clinician rating of the DSM IV criteria, symptom checklist, and childhood trauma questionnaire
Results: 75% of the members in the study have suffered from childhood trauma; emotional abuse, emotional neglect, and physical abuse.
Docter, A. L., Zeeck, A., Wietersheim, J. V., & Weiss, H. (2018). Influence of childhood trauma on depression in the INDDEP study. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 32(2), 217-234. doi:10.1080/02668734.2018.1459803
Article 2
Conclusion: In a study that researched the effects of childhood trauma to later depression, there was a correlation. Childhood trauma such as emotional and physical abuse resulted in depression later in life. Victims may seek treatment available.
Strengths- This study shows detailed data with results of the study and can be useful for reflection
Weakness- A low socioeconomic status population was tested which may be biased for the study due to low access of health resources. Data should include findings from a high economic region.
Article 3:Parent Child Interaction Therapy Emotion Development
Hypothesis: The effectiveness of a parent child interaction therapy
Sample: Eight families who met the criteria were enrolled in the study. Children were not allowed to permitted to undergo other forms of therapy and those under medication were allowed to continue with it.
Method: The researchers used Papa, an interview designed for preschoolers between ages 2 to 6 years old to measure criteria from the DSM IV. The HBQ(Health and Behavior Questionnaire) measured childhood psychopathology. The PECFAS assessed behavioral and emotional problems on family functioning.
Lastly, the PCIT(Parent child interaction therapy) structure was used to target parent-child relationship using play techniques to enhance relationships.
Lenze, S. N., Pautsch, J., & Luby, J. (2010). Parent-child interaction therapy emotion development: A novel treatment for depression in preschool children. Depression and Anxiety, 28(2), 153-159. doi:10.1002/da.20770
Method
Method: The researchers used Papa, an interview designed for preschoolers between ages 2 to 6 years old to measure criteria from the DSM IV.
HBQ(Health and Behavior Questionnaire) measured childhood psychopathology.
PECFAS assessed behavioral and emotional problems on family functioning.
Lastly, the PCIT(Parent child interaction therapy) structure was used to target parent-child relationship using play techniques to enhance relationships.
Continued
The study took 18 weeks to complete 14 sessions
Some findings were that the preschoolers showed improvements in emotion recognition and discrimination posttreatment compared to pretreatment
Results: Early intervention is feasible for this illness. Families were able to complete the study in a reasonable time frame.
Parents found the therapy to be highly effective
Strengths & Weaknesses
Strengths: The study contained valuable data useful for future observation
Weaknesses: N/a
There are always weaknesses
Application: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
A hands on, practical approach to problem solving
Most widely used form of cognitive therapy
Used to change patterns of thinking or behavior
Addresses emotional challenges
The use of CBT in young children is mostly effective(A.L. Docter et al.)
Children are most likely to improve when modifications are made
CBT should be used for all mental illnesses
Tactics for CBT effectiveness: discuss obstacles child is having, offer solutions and influence future situations
Future directions in Depression
Depression is more likely to develop in children with emotional abuse, physical and mental abuse
Cognitive behavioral therapy is effective in improving depressive symptoms and should be used furthermore
References
Docter, A. L., Zeeck, A., Wietersheim, J. V., & Weiss, H. (2018). Influence of childhood trauma on depression in the INDDEP study. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 32(2), 217-234. doi:10.1080/02668734.2018.1459803
Fanti, K. A., Hellfeldt, K., Colins, O. F., Meehan, A., Andershed, A., & Andershed, H. (2018). Worried, sad, and breaking rules? Understanding the developmental interrelations among symptoms of anxiety, depression, and conduct problems during early childhood. Journal of Criminal Justice. doi:10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.09.00
Lenze, S. N., Pautsch, J., & Luby, J. (2010). Parent-child interaction therapy emotion development: A novel treatment for depression in preschool children. Depression and Anxiety, 28(2), 153-159. doi:10.1002/da.20770
.MsftOfcThm_Accent1_Fill { fill:#4472C4; } .MsftOfcThm_Accent1_Stroke { stroke:#4472C4; }
.MsftOfcThm_Accent1_Fill { fill:#4472C4; } .MsftOfcThm_Accent1_Stroke { stroke:#4472C4; }
