Xtreme Sports/Hess co

Question 1
Xtreme Sports has $100,000 of 8% noncumulative, nonparticipating, preferred stock outstanding. Xtreme Sports also has $500,000 of common stock outstanding. In the company's first year of operation, no dividends were paid. During the second year, Xtreme Sports paid cash dividends of $30,000. How should this dividend be distributed between common and preferred stockholders? Show your calculations.

Question 2
A company has a goal of earning $100,000 in after-tax income. The company must pay $28,000 in income tax if it achieves the goal. The contribution margin ratio is 30%. What dollar amount of sales must be achieved to reach the goal if fixed costs are $64,000?

Question 3
Hess Co. manufactures a product that sells for $12 per unit. Total fixed costs are $96,000 and variable costs are $7 per unit. Hess can buy a newer production machine that will increase total fixed costs by $22,800 but variable costs will be decreased by $0.40 per unit. What effect would the purchase of the new machine have on Hess's break-even point in units?