write an executable program with Java that does the following tasks: makes reservation for tickets shows the cost of the ticket and the various taxes included calculates the cost of the baggage when the weight of the bagga

write an executable program with Java that does the following tasks:
makes reservation for tickets
shows the cost of the ticket and the various taxes included
calculates the cost of the baggage when the weight of the baggage is stated by the operator. The baggage cost should differ from city to city
the cities that can be selected should be at least 15 in number.
There should be an explanation given behind every important part of the program and a screenshot to it.
also, concerning this is meant to be a continuation of a project, I would like it if you could write a documentation of the project as well. You can use the attached file as a guide
The name of the airline should be Arik Air and it should include pictures in the program. Also should have a log in page where the admin would log in before proceeding to use the program.

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                          DEPARTMENT:   COMPUTER SCIENCE

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TITLE PAGE

THE DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SOFT-WARE-BASED LUGGAGE BILLING SYSTEM FOR AN AIR LINE

A CASE STUDY: SOSOLISO AIR LINE ENUGU

BY

NAME :………………………..

REG NO :………………………..

PRESENTATED  IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE THE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE

INSTITUTION …………………………………………………..

SUPERVISOR :

OCTOBER, 2013

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this project has be approved for the Department of Computer Science, Institution : ……………………………………..

Sign …………………………          Sign ……………………..

Date …………………………          Date ………………………

(Project Supervisor)                   (Head of Department)

                                                           (H.O.D)

Date …………………………                 

Sign ………………………..

Name ………………………

    (External Examiner)

DEDICATION

This project is dedicated to GOD and my beloved parents,

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost I am very grateful to the Almighty God who guarded, protected and gave me the privilege to receive his favor and sufficient grace throughout my stay in the school, to him be Glory.

My regards goes to my project supervisor whom among all his commitment still spends his time in advising, suggesting and supervising my work for reality.

I own special thanks to my H.O.D., Association of computer science student (NACOSS) and COAN  for the opportunity given to me to serve.

My sincere gratitude goes to my beloved parents.I am indebted to all my friends and classmates for their support and inspiration and encouragement. 

ORGANIZATION OF THE WORK

The incorporation of intelligence in device previously thought to be dumb has opened up new possibilities in man-machine interaction.

Chapter 1and 2 of this work gave the introduction where the statement of the problems purpose of the study significant of the study, scope or delimitation of the study and the review of literatures respectively.

Chapter 3 deals with the description and of analysis of the existing system, highlighting how information flow, problems and objective.

The design of the new system is discussed in chapter. This discusses fully the software luggage billing system. It highlights the output and input specification and their design it also depicts the general flow of information with system and procedure flowcharts. 

Chapter 5 is the implementation stage where a pictorial overview of the developed software system has been given in a program flowchart. The menus and sub-menus have been highlighted while the modules have been identified and their function explained. The integration of the developed software with the hardware is described and tested accordingly.

Having know the problems which users do encounter in trying to use a newly developed system.

Chapter 6 has given steps and procedures which can be easily followed to enable efficient and effective use of the system.

The last chapter has recommended this work to the organizations which may find it appropriate in luggage billing objects having listed its advantages over the traditional method. This is also the concluding chapter of the work.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Page

Certification

Dedication

Acknowledgment

Organizational the Work

Table of Content

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE

1.0      INTRODUCTION

1.1   Statement of the Problems

1.2   Purpose of the Study

1.3   Significant of the Study

1.4   Scope or Delimitation of the Study

1.5   Limitation and Constraints

1.6   Assumption

1.7   Definition of the Terms

CHAPTER TWO

2.0   LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER THREE

3.0   DESCRIPTION & ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

3.1   Fact Finding Method Used

3.2   Structure Administration

3.3   Organizational Structure

3.4   Objective of Existing System

3.5   Input, Process, Output Analysis

3.6   Information Flow Diagram 

3.7   Problems of the Existing System

3.8   Justification for the New System

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0      DESIGN OF THE NEW SYSTEM

4.1   Output Specification and Design

4.2   Input Specification and Design

4.3   Procedure Chart

4.4   System Flow Chart

4.5   The Software Design

4.6   System Requirement

CHAPTER FIVE

5.0   IMPLEMENTATION

5.1   Program Design

5.2   Program Flow Chart

5.3   Program Source Code

5.4   Test Ran

CHAPTER SIX

6.0   DOCUMENTATION 

CHAPTER SEVEN

7.0   CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION

7.1   Recommendation

7.2   Conclusion

Appendix

References

ABSTRACT

Instruments used for weighing are found in many organizations at the sea and airports for weighing of luggages, at the post office of Sosoliso for weighing and billing determination of items. 

Normally these organizations make use of ordinary bulky scales in analog form. The problems with these techniques are; the bill of a read weight of item and inefficiency.

The aim of this project is therefore to design, develop and implement a viable software system that may be modified to read analog signals translated by Analog-Digital-converter (ADC). The designed system accepts unit weight of items and rate (depends on the distance), computes bills and generates a comprehensive airbill for parcel/luggage section of Sosoliso airline.

The system is expected to be very fast in computation precise in bill determination, flexible, easy to read and has storage facilities. It is intelligent and therefore can be easily adjusted and adapted to suit other applications not incorporated in this design by hardware expansion and software modification.

A through description of the hardware design and requirement of an automated luggage weighing device which may implement the developed software system has been given as a stand point for further research.       

CHAPTER ONE

1.0   INTRODUCTION

We all know that micro-processor have became one of the must widely used technology in the field of computing information processing and management real-time processing, telecommunication e.t.c.

Briefly, some of the most impressive change which the microprocessor revolution has liquidifies are:-

ØLow cost of computing machinery and micro-processor based device

ØTremendous improvement in the system reliability and some times reduction in the size of such systems.

ØThe accuracy and consistency of such system when properly programmed requires no over emphasis.

ØIncreased speed of computation leading to higher through put.

These important attributes possessed have led to their wide application in so many area of life from computer system, home appliance to serious industrial and other office machineries.

An automated luggage billing device is an instrument, which is used in determining the weight of object placed on its load cell. This device may be constructed in such a way that it could be connected to a computer system for direct weight transmission and the whole system may become computerized using an effective software system. The system consists of a strain-guage transducer on which the luggage is placed. The guage voltage is proportional to weight placed on it. The voltage is fed directly to an ADC means (Analog-Digital converter) which in turn converts the signals to corresponding binary code and presents it via register. The binary coded data is usually received by the decoder/demultipler as signals from the input lives of the internal expansion.

Having known how an automated billing device works, a computer software-base luggage billing system for parcel and luggage section of Sosoliso air line is a software which may implement such device. It has been designed to accept weight of the luggage, the distance (km) between location and destination in order to produce a comprehensive bill which could be stored and manipulated according to users choice.

1.1   THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Here I am trying to identify the problems in carrying out the study. Some of the questions to be asked are as follows:

ØWhat are the factors militating against the effective software based luggage billing system in an air line?

ØTo what extent is it effective?

ØShould software based luggage billing system in an air line be encouraged?  

The research project could be able to answer these questions at the end through the careful explanation & presentation in line with stadarolized statistical concept as to achieve the desired inference.

1.2   PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The main purpose of this work is to design-develop and implement a viable software system which will be adopted in any organization that handles any luggage weighing objects and consequently requires the bill of such weight luggages.

1.3   SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

The knowledge of software based luggage billing system in an air line enables the computer and software based luggage billing department to know the type of luggage, contents, check the security of the luggage, number of luggage, owner of the luggage etc. The study will help to determine whether the company meets its target & service level in luggage billing system. Specifically the study will be remarkable in that it will help in:

ØChecking exact content of the luggage so as to avoid transportation of dangerous and bad goods.

ØExtending a small (domestic) air line to a very large air-line to a very large air-line (international)

ØHaving a good luggage checking for a good turn over and operation; and

ØMaking an important contribution to the over all success in an air-line.

1.4      SCOPE OF DELIMITATION OF STUDY

This work is mainly concerned will the software development that implement an automated luggage billing device. It lists the necessary components and specificants and describes thoroughly the construction and integration o the device with the developed software system.

1.5   LIMITATION AND CONSTRAINTS

During the course of this work, material that are really related to this project were hardly found. There was lack of little technical assistance. The author was also constrained of finance and time which would give her enough opportunity to incorporate a lot of applications and to perform series of test runs.

1.6   ASSUMPTION

As a matter of convenience, the researcher assumes the each customer could be identified by his/her serial number which ranges between 1–999. It also assumed that the highest number of different luggage which a customer could posses at a times is five (5) whose weights are read from the manual scale of the existing system.

1.7   DEFINITION OF TEREM

The under listed terms are defined according to their usage in the project.

ØSystem Software: It is designed to the computer 

ØCommunication Control: It is the movement of data between paints in network can only be achieved though proper communication control.

ØData Security: Its is a physical protection of data

ØOperating Flow: It is about working ensuring smooth flow of operations

ØComputer System: It is a device which accepts data in one form and process it to provide information in another form.

ØWeighing Device: It is an instrument used in determining the weight of an object placed on its laod cell. 

CHAPTER TWO

2.0   LITERATURE REVIEW

According to “software –based luggage billing system,” as a stand – alone topic the researcher experienced scarcity of materials ‘

However, materials are available on different components and techniques which may constitute such as system. A text book (microprocessor and inter facing by V. Hall) presents a discussion on microprocessor – based weighing device. Its outline and explains the hardware of a system which consists of an 8088 based micro-processor, a luggage cell transducer, a differential instrumentation amplifier for signal; conditioning, AD converter and how it could be programmed. It also want further to give listing, an 8088 control program for luggage weighing device and techniques for development and integration. Tocci (1999) discusses various method of Analog to Digital conversion. One of such application on which analog data has be digitized and transferred into a – computer memory is through “Data Acquisition”. The computer can to several different things with the data, depending on the application. In a process control application, the computer can examine the data or perform computation on them to determine what control output to generate depending on the software system in existence.

Tocci also went further to say that when a digital-ramp ADC is connected to a micro computer generates the START (VOLTS) pulses that initiate each new A/D conversion. The EOC (end of conversions) signal from the ADC is fed to the computer. The computer examines EOC to find out when the current A/D conversion is complete, then it transfer the digital data from the ADC output into its memory.

Details of successive Approximation in ADC 0801 8 bit serial output converter and the techniques of multiplication factor in determining the bills are obtainable from Philips manual. Greenfield et al (1999) discussed the general TFL logic and other important details such as when designing TTL – based circuits. 

The nature of the function is determined by the program. While its is assumed to have an unlimited internal memory , real microprocessor one necessarily limited in the amount of internal-memory available for data and program storage. In general, the system must be able to store-information in the memory and retrieve information from it. This process of stoning information in the memory is called memory wanting and that of retrieving from memory is know as memory reading.   

In selection ven board (card) with interface line for a construction of such a device, these factors have to be taken into consideration.

ØAvailability: For card that has interface line to be used, it must be available, a fordable and obtainable from more than one source. This will facilitate a nick replacement in case if equipment failure. Affordability also entails reduction in cost of the entire system and marketability in most cases a ready-made type is bought and reconstructed to suit requirement though external wiring and disordering. 

ØCompatibility: The type of card to be chosen must be compatible with almost every pc especially IBM Pc configuration that has internal expansion slots for interfacing cards.

Lastly, the interfacing lines and pin signals mast be considered before choosing on appropriate.

CHAPTER THREE

3.1   DESCRIPTION ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM 

Without adequate analysis of the current system, the production of computerized system with its powerful and enhanced feature would not be possible.

This chapter therefore entails a careful study and analysis of existing system in the organization. The organization uses a heavy and bulky scale that is double calibrated between 0-450kg and 450-950 kg respectively. The level of scale is always published forward and backward until the objects weight could be taken.

3.1   FACT FINDING METHODS USED

The read weight from scale is taken to be booking clerk for further manual computation and bill determination.

 The existing system was critically surveyed to know what is expected to be accomplished. The techniques adopted together information were; 

ØObservation: This technique of data collection portrays life experience of weighing objects (load/parcel) and seeming how the system operates.

Ø Oral interview: Since some facts could not be seen or noticed during operations, the researcher also interviewed some personnel by asking relevant questions.

3.2      STRUCTURE OF ADMINISTRATION

The above structure is the administrative luggage billing of the company. In the structure of administration, the managing Director is the first established administration. 

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE 

3.3   OBJECTIVES OF EXISTING SYSTEM

The old system was set up to enable the weighing and booking clerk (and other staff of the section) to easily prepare Air-bills.

To make sure that the luggage are weighed and bill as accurately as possible and at the same time maintain good relationship with the customer (passenger sender). The system also aimed at providing an easy, fast and accurate way of balancing and dispatching. It was found that most of these aims and objective are hardly met.

3.3      INPUT, PROCESS AND OUTPUT ANALYSIS

Input Analysis

The inputs to the system are of varying types. It includes receiving and weighing of luggage, standard rate application depending on the type of luggage. The input action is very slow and tedious. These inputs are; senders name, location (Enugu/Lagos), consignee, destination, distance (km) and objects weight (kg).

Process Analysis

This is working on the received inputs to generate the required results. This is always a tedious operation. It generally involves the calculation of rate, billing determination, codes searching. All these operations take time and are prone to errors.

The output comes in a nature of completed or ready made bill. This may be the Audit sender’s Guardian/Good and the Book portion. Because of the method adopted in processing the input the output takes unnecessary time to be produced and yet with errors.

3.5   INFORMATION FLOW DIAGRAM

A lot of problems face the existing system among which are: -

(i)     It consumes time

(ii)    Calculation is tedious and most time inaccurate

(iii)      It is considerably bulky

(iv)       There is also the problem of inconsistency and unreliability. 

3.7   JUSTIFICATION FOR THE NEW SYSTEM

The new system is expected to be very fast in computation, reliable and of very high accuracy information storage and retrieved is adequate and fast while search technique is efficient.

The system is also cost effective.

CHAPTER FOUR

4.0   DESIGN OF THE NEW SYSTEM

The new system is a computerized design. It has being carefully designed to eliminate the problems of the existing system. 

4.1   OUTPUT SPECIFICATION AND DESIGN

The general output of the design is the Air-Bill Form. This represents the name of the luggage sender, luggage description, weight (as obtained) from the scale, the calculated bill of the luggage based on the weight, rate and the distance between the location and destination). This information is tabulated in 4 columns and rows. This has been designed to be displayed on the screen as directed to the printer as required. It could be stored for future reference.

SOSOLISO AIR-LINE

Sender’s Name ………………………    Consignee: I.D ……...

Location:………………………………    Destination: ………...

Distance (km): ………………………..  Date: ………………….

The input to the system has been mentioned earlier include: the consignee, weight, rate, location and destination codes among others. The system has been designed to receive all the inputs through the keyboard although it may be modified to transmit the weight of luggage directly from the micro-processor.

File Design

The following file concepts were indeed through out the design of this system.

    i.        Field: this is an individual data item in record within a data base file.

  ii.        Record: This is a collection of related fields that make up the basic unit of information in a database.

iii.        File: This is a collection of information made-up or related records containing data or any subject (transaction).

Types of File Organization

Basically, files are organized into two main ways; they are (i) sequential and (ii) random.

(i)          Sequential: In sequential file organization, the records are stored physically in order by the record key

(ii)        Random: This is sometimes called related file organization. The advantage of this type of file organization is the direct access of storage, whereby any location can be READ from, WRITTEN to – without READING and WRITING the location preceding it for this reason therefore, data stored on the direct access file can be obtained if the recording is known.

Because of the numerous advantage of random file organization over sequential file, the random type has been used throughout this project.  

File Structure of Air-Bill

4.3   PROCEDURE CHART

4.3   SYSTEM FLOW CHART

4.5   SOFTWARE DESIGN

The software of a micro-computer based or computer aided system together with its hardware are two primary factors which determine the power and character of such a system.

Just as a hardware design or construction must follow and obey certain procedures, the software system which describes the detailed instruction steps the computer must execute in order to realize its-designated objectives, must equally follow standard guidelines to avoid bottle-necks in the system’s life cycle.

This software system is implemented using the Top-Down approach. This enables the program to initially set-out from the highest level of abstraction down the sequence. The main menu option provides the overall program the coordinates other lower-modules. In the way, the complex program is decomposed from top to bottom.

The techniques of modular programming is also – adopted so as to compose the program easily. This offers some advantage to the design:

ØIt allows the program to be developed and tested independently

ØDifferent users may wish to work in one module or the other.

ØThe development is easier and menu driven. 

The main menu of this system is given in Fig ……. from this figure, its obvious that the system acquired user friendliness and this makes it both-interesting and easy to use. As the main menu illustrates, there are three (3) options which can be worked on through the selection of either (D,F, or O) for data entry, file maintenance or output respectively. These correspond to the major modules earlier mentioned. 

4.6   SYSTEM REQUIREMENT

To enable an efficient and effective running of the software system at least the following are-expected to be available;

Software

MS-DOS (Operating system)

Qbasic interpreter.

Hardware:

Modes                              4865x33MHE

Hard-disk                        350 MB

Memory capacity              8MB

VDU                                 14 Coloured monitor

Keyboard                         enhanced keyboard

Printer                             Dot matrix printer

Ports.                               Serial/parallel ports

Note: Must be Y2K compliant

For the construction of an intelligent scaling device the following are needed in addition to those mentioned above:

Strain guage

Different implementation amplifier

Analog-digital-converter

Register and demutiplexer.

A block diagram of an automated weighing device
CHAPTER FIVE

5.0   IMPLEMENTATION

This chapter deals with the actual installation of the designed system or the integration of the developed software with the hardware system and maintaining a perfect link between them for effected we understanding and communication.

This follows immediately after the design process the major area of the implementation stage is the program. The developed software system is therefore installed for use while the mode of program development and factors that helped in the development process were tested.

Generally, there are various methods of software implementation to make it functional in the organization and also taking human factors into consideration. A developed software could be implemented through; direct take-over, piece meal/pilot Approach and parallel implementation technique. The parallel approach is that which allows the implementation of the system to go on simultaneously with the existing system. It gives the organization the opportunity of testing the new system while still working with the old system. Their disadvantage lies on the cost of running and maintaining the two systems at the same time. Having compared this approach with other techniques and seen its advantages, the parallel change-over recommended for the parcel/luggage section of Sosoliso Air Line

5.1   PROGRAM DESIGN

The system has three (3) main modules as earlier stated. Each of these performs specific operation and is analyzed under the following;

[D]    Data Entry:

This is the module that is responsible for all input entries. It assumes that the entry is for specific customer and therefore prompts user to give serial number to the customer for easier reference. When this is done, other inputs (Sender’s name, consignee, distance, weight etc) then follow until at a stage when end-of-record is reached.

[F]    File Maintenance

This is the second module which organizes the file in the system. Its sub-menus includes: - creates file, delete file, delete record from file etc. Any option chosen from this sub menu performs the corresponding operation, after which control returns to the main menu.

[O]    Output

The output module is the most detailed among all. It organizes both the results of the first two modules above and still may requires additional conditions to be satisfied before the necessary computation is performed subsequently it generates the Air-Bill according to choice. (This is explained in details in the documentation part of the work).

5.2   PROGRAM FLOW CHART

When one is faced with complex problems, there is need to decide how to go into the problem – solving process in a diagrammatic form. The program flowchart of this work is very useful because: -

Ø    It eliminates ambiguity

Ø    Eliminates vagueness and

Ø    Encourages consensus and coherency.

PROGRAM FLOW CHART

  
Program Source Code

This is well written and co-ordinated instruction set describing to the computer what the software can do and how to get the program do what its is expected to do without confusion. This source program that follows is a product of the flowchart (see appendix 1)

Program Listing, Overleaf

5.3   TEST RUN

The primary test total for software systems is the dynamic debugging system (DDS). The test approach is to trace the execution of individual module noting their respective entry and execution parameters if any.

A set of data was arbitrarily used specifically to test the adequacy of the design software system. (See output on Appendix A). During the initial stage, some errors were identified and corrected accordingly.

However, the program can still be modified when they arises on Appendix A.

CHAPTER SIX

6.0   DOCUMENTATION

A detailed analysis on the aspect of luggage billing in the parcel/section of Sosoliso Air Line hexed in the development of this book.

In addition, programming and system analysis knowledge helped in constructive reasoning for the software – design and development while idea of working parts of the computer system, architecture and organization aided in the brief hardware description given in this work.

The choice and use of luggages depend on its flexibility and general application. The language syntax and semantics also determines the type to be used.

For the development of the system, the researcher has chosen QBASIC programming language because: -

-              It common and comprehensive

-              Easy to learn and use 

The interpreter is the QB. EXC among other file most modern computer systems come with this interpret and its required files.

To load it into a system that does not have it, we follow the following steps.

·        Make a directory named QBaskic (depending on choice) in “C” drive.

·        On the Dos or C prompt, type copy *.* A: C:\DOS\name of dir. Or copy *.* A: C:\name of dir.

·        Go to prompt C: \>

·        Change directly to where Qbasic file are resident (sometimes in Dos or directly in the system)

·        Type Qbasic (Or the case may be) and press enter key <ENTER>. This brings the Qbasic interpreter on the screen if properly loaded.

Loading the Program:

The program is stored in a 3.5” of 1.44MB density double sided floppy diskette labeled luggage billing software system I.O, disk 1 of I.

-              Slot the disk in drive A

-              Go to the C prompt and type copy *. * A C:\ WPSS

(This load the whole content of A to C under the director WPSS).

-              Go to Qbasic environment

-              Press ALT + F

-              Highlight OPEN

-              Type C:\ WPSS and Press <ENTER> press F5 to always RUN the program series of instructions of instructors appear, make selection accordingly and always press <ENTER> to confirm when done.

CHAPTER SEVEN

7.0   CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

7.1   RECOMMENDATION

Based on the findings during the systems analysis stage of this work and the experience now gained in project handling I recommend that;

-              The Sosoliso Air Line (parcel / Luggage section) and other organization where pricing is dependent on weight of object and other criteria but whose operation are still being performed manually, should set-up a computer –based system for numerous advantage.

-              Future researchers interested in this or related fields should be assigned “The Construction of intelligent weight Device”. He/she should be providing with enough technical support and material, monitored and regulated at every stage to make sure that a reasonable job is realized and on time too.

-              Lastly, I will recommend the implementation of such software systems using C++ programming language because of its object oriented (00L) nature 

7.2   CONCLUSION

The system was designed to further enhance the activities of the parcel and luggage section of the organization. It could be applied to a wider variety of application where there is need for luggage weighing and billing of items. 

It the system is properly and fully implemented by the Sosolico Air Line Enugu, it will increase the present throughput, efficiency and accountability. Above all, easiness of work and prissiness of calculated bill is guaranteed.

The computer should not be seen or made to appear as a threat to the employee but rather as a designed tool to assist them perform their official responsibilities.