What cards could come up to make your hand better?

Either way it’s a simple call. In a cash game your EV is higher (less negative) by calling. In a tournament you don’t wanna be left with 10k in chips (it doesn’t say what the blinds are but I’m guessing 10k is a small stack considering 48k is already in the pot this hand).

Your opponent doesn’t have “at least a pair of 10′s”. (Your teacher doesn’t seem to know poker very well.) He has exactly three 10′s.