SEAPORT ECOL 100 FINAL QUIZ (2014)

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1. All of the following are exmaples of environmental nonprofit, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), except

World Wildlife Fund

Natural Resources Defense Council

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

The Nature Conservancy

Greenpeace

2. As a form of waste reduction, reuse does all of the following, EXCEPT

Decreases the use of matter resources

Decreases the use of energy resources

Cuts pollution and waste

Creates local jobs

Costs money

3. Which of the following is NOT a type of ewaste?

Discraded TV sets

Discarded computer printer paper

Discarded cell phones

Discraded electronic toys

Discarded computer monitors

4. At what level of exposure to a particular toxic chemical will the chemical cause harm?

Toxicity

Biomagnifications

Persistence

Response

Dose

5. Markets do well in the production and distribution of private goods, but are not so good at

Accumulating resources

Distribution of resources

Public services

Protecting sources of information

Developing strategies

6. Typical rain in the eastern US is at least _____ times more acidic than what normal precipitation should be

2

5

10

20

50

7. Governments intervene in markets to do all of the following, EXCEPT

Prevent degradation of open-access resources

Provide public services

Provide security ad protecton

Manage public resources

Direct production of goods and services

8. Developed contries, in the year 2000, pledged to devote 0.7% of their national income toward reducing hunger and poverty, and moving toward environmental sustainability. What is the average actual amount donated by these countries?

2.0%

1.5%

0.75%

0.50%

0.25%

9. The trickle-down effect describes how

Hhigh quality energy being converted to low quality heat energy

Toxic wastes filter down in landfills.

Use of microloans to alleviate poverty

Economic growth increases the number of jobs and helps the poor help themselves.

Movement of toxic pesticides percolate through a food web.

10. Which of the following would NOT traditionally support an eco-economy?

Shift taxes from wages and profits to pollution and waste.

Improve energy efficiency.

Shift from a carbon-based economy to a renewable fuel-based economy.

Repair ecological damage

Decrease subsidies for alternative fuel vehicles.

11. The process by which individuals and groups tries to influence or control the policies and actions of governments is known as

Lobbying

policy making

politics

all of these answers

none of these answers

12. Countries whose environment has been severely degraded may be characterized by any of the following, EXCEPT

Deterioration of vital infrastructure

Increased immigration

Allegiance to warlords

Breakdown of law and order

Violent internal conflict or civil war

13. Ecological and environmental economists consider which of the following to be a basic cause of environmental degradation, pollution, poor health, and premature death?

Taxes on wages, income, wealth

Using tradable permits or rights to pollute

Government subsidies

Laws and regulations to prevent pollution

Poverty

14. Human inputs of outdoor air pollutants occur mostly

In rural areas

In the mountains

Along the oceans

In urban areas 

In the deserts

15. New and more innovative business replacing older ones that can no longer thrive under changing economic conditions is known as

Free market system

Economic competition

Economic succession

Neoclassical economics

Environmental economics

16. ________relates to the amount of a potentially toxic substance as it passes through food chains and webs.

Toxicity

Biomagnification

Persistence

Response

Dose

17. Which of the following countries did not adopt Agenda 21, the global agenda for sustainable development in the 21st century?

Russia

England

United States

Australia

Canada

18. The atmospheric layer containing 75% of the mass of earth's air is the

Thermosphere

Mesosphere

Stratosphere

Troposphere

Tropopause

19. Levying taxes on each unit of pollution discharged into the air or water is an example of

Tradable pollution rights

Charging user fees

Regulation

Green taxes

Subsidies for beneficial actions

20. Which branch of the U.S. government is responsible for instructing federal agencies on their tasks?

Federal

Military

Executive

Judicial

none of these answers

21. Environmentalists say that the best way to handle soft drink and beer containers is to

Use landfills

Use paper bottles

Use stainless steel cans

Use reusable glass bottles and PET containers and recycle

Bury them

22. Which of the following is the LEAST desirable from an environmental standpoint?

Repair

Reduce

Reuse

Compost

Recycle

23. Since 1980, the gap between the rich and the poor has

Disappeared

Increased

stayed the same

Decreased

Stayed the same and then decreased

24. The system responsible for defense against disease and harmful substances is the

Circulatory system

Endocrine system

Immune system

Excretory system

Skeletal system

25. Most of earth's weather occurs in the

Troposphere

Thermosphere

Mesosphere

Stratosphere

Tropopause

26. The U.S. population is

Shifting to the north and east

Shifting to the north and west

Shifting to the south and east

Shifting to the south and west

Shifting to the north and south

27. The leading cause of water pollution is?

industrial facilities

mining

agriculture

domestic sources

none of these answers

28. Pollutants in the Great Lakes of North America can take up to ____ to be flushed out to the Atlantic Ocean

25 years

50 years

75 years

100 years

150 years

29. To qualify as a megacity, it must have a population of ____ people

1 million

5 million

7 million

10 million

15 million

30. Waste that includes paper, food wastes, cans, bottles, yard waste, glass, wood, and similar items is called

industrial solid waste

hazardous waste

municipal solid waste

toxic solid waste

ewaste

31. In a warmer world, which of the following organisms are likely to be hardest hit?

polar bears

insects

weeds

fungi

all of these answers

32. One way to attempt to deal with the solid wastes we create is to attempt to reduce the environmental impact without trying to reduce the amount of waste produced. This is called

waste reduction

waste prevention

secondary pollution prevention

primary pollution prevention

waste management

33. With 4.6% of the world's population, the United States produces about _____ of the world's solid waste

one-tenth

one-fifth

one-fourth

one-third

one-half

34. Without changing what we are doing to the environment, the projected amount of warming by the year 2100 is

2 degrees C

3 degrees C

4 degrees C

5 degrees C

6 degrees C

35. In general, acid deposition has harmful effects for terrestrial ecosystems when it falls below a pH level of

3.6

4.6

5.6

6.6

7.6

36. Large masses of floating plastics in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans are known as

Great Atlantic and Pacific Garbage Patches

Atlantic and Pacific Plastic Vortexes

Atlantic and Pacific Plastic Hotspots

Atlantic and Pacific Plastic Black Holes

None of these answers

37. Experts rate indoor air pollution as a

serious health problem for humans

non-serious health problem for humans

mildly serious health problem for humans

high-risk ecological problem

none of these

38. Which of the following is a point source of water pollution?

offshore oil wells

livestock feedlots

urban lands

croplands

parking lots

39. The degradation of Lake Washington resulted from the introduction by sewage treatment plants of which of the following?

Phosphorus

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Chlorine

fecal material

40. The most serious threat from ozone depletion is that increased UV radiation

causes cataracts

destroys phytoplankton

increases skin cancers

suppresses immune system

causes worse sunburns

41. According to a 2009 EPA report, between 1980 and 2008 the combined emissions of six major air pollutants decreased by how much?

17%

23%

36%

49%

54%

42. The amount of solid waste produced in the United States each year would fill a convoy of garbage trucks stretching around the world almost

2 times

4 times

6 times

8 times

10 times

43. Which has NOT been a major factor promoting urban sprawl in the United States?

A surplus of rural open space is still available.

Federal loan guarantees to WWII veterans.

The Homestead Act still gives land cheaply away in many areas of the country.

Cheap gasoline.

Poor urban planning.

44. Which of the following is NOT one of the world's leading greenhouse gas producer?

India

European Union

China

Brazil

none of these answers

45. All of the following are on EPA's "four most dangerous indoor air pollutants list," EXCEPT

Asbestos

radon-222

styrene

cigarette smoke

formaldehyde

46. To be considered safe for swimming, a 100 milliliter sample of water should contain ___ or fewer colonies of coliform bacteria.

0

5

10

100

200

47. The natural nutrient enrichment of a shallow lake, estuary, or slow moving stream is called

Oligotrophy

Runoff

Upwellings

red tides

eutrophication

48. Which of the following is not a characteristic of PCBs?

is a carcinogen

is a teratogen

breakdown very slowly

found almost everywhere

none of these answers

49. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates how many people on earth do NOT have access to clean drinking water?

1 out of 100

1 out of 50

1 out of 20

1 out of 10

1 out of 7

50. One fish in _____ taken from the Great Lakes is unsafe for human consumption

Ten

Seven

Five

Four

Three

 

 

    • 9 years ago