Response needs to be done tonight by 10pm -

Please respond to the following post 100 words each

Post 1

It was not until the late 1930’s that the term total war was coined. This phrase was used to describe a war as a “military conflict in which the contenders are willing to make any sacrifice in lives and other resources to obtain a complete victory” (Encyclopedia, 2015). World War I become the first total war based on the introduction of the term, but in fact the first total war would have come from the Napoleonic Wars. World War I was considered a total war based on the involvement of not only the several different countries but by the involvement of the governments, economies, and the populations of each country. Britain would go on to create the Defence of the Realm Act, which “empowered the government to secure the nation from internal threat or invasion, by handing it wide-ranging powers, including censorship, the authority to imprison without trial and the power to court martial and execute civilians” (Alpha History, 2014). Germany would pass laws allowing them to maneuver male workers into different trades based on the wartime needs. In France the government was less involved and privatized most of its military production, this allowed the French to produce larger numbers with less resources than the Germans or the Americans.  

The first total war came from the Napoleonic Wars even though the phrase was not coined until well after these wars. The Napoleonic Wars would spread across much of Europe involving several different countries and would bring upon declarations and laws, inevitably reshaping the face of Europe.

Alpha History (2014) Total War Web Retrieved fromhttp://alphahistory.com/worldwar1/total-war/

Encyclopedia (2015) Total War Web Retrieved fromhttp://www.britannica.com/topic/total-war

Post2

Politics instability at the turn of the century had great impact in the people's daily lives and art. Because science was strong with the theories of Albert Einstein and other researchers, art and music became unrecognizable. As a result, the musicians and artists became directly influenced by the advances in science and “their blending of the scientific and the irrational, and of Western and non-Western styles, helped launch the disorienting revolution in ideas and creative expression that we now identify collectively as modernism” (Hunt, et. al, 806). Modernism was in a way, a break from realism and beginning of the new ideas and creative expression in art and literature (Hunt, et. al, 806). The  conflict between traditional values and new ideas was a turning point in arts in the late nineteenth century, were “modernism in the arts not only challenged time-honored standards but also led to an increase in competing artistic styles that continues today” (Hunt, et. al, 807). Across Europe artists expressed in their works frustrations that many felt with political instability at that time and “their style of portraying inner feelings—called expressionism—broke with middle-class optimism" (Hunt, et. al, 808).  Norwegian painter Edvard Munch in his painting “The Scream”(1893), “used twisting lines and a tortured skeletal human form to convey the horror of modern life that many artists perceived” (Hunt, et. al, 809). The only advanced art style that had success in the new era was the Art Nouveau or “new art”, where art designers manufactured in the new art style everything, starting from dishes to the entire buildings.

Hunt, Lynn, Thomas Martin, Barbara Rosenwein, Bonnie Smith. Making of the West, Volume II: Since 1500, 4th Edition. Bedford/St. Martin's, 01/2012. VitalBook file.