PSY 380 FINAL EXAM (ALL CORRECT)

MultipleChoiceQuestions(Enteryouranswersontheenclosedanswersheet)

 1.     Whichofthefollowingdoesnotdescribeatrait?

a.        Apersonisgivenanumericscoretoindicatehowmuchofatraitthepersonpossesses.

b.       Therearemanytraitstodescribeeveryone.

c.        Traitscoresarediscontinuousvariables.

d.       Apersoncanbedescribedoneverytrait.

2.     Personality                     referstomotivation.

a.        description

b.       development

c.        dynamics

d.       measurement

3.     Allofthefollowingaredynamicissuesaddressedbypersonalitytheoriesexcept:

a.        adaptationandadjustment

b.       cognitiveprocesses

c.        individualdifferences

d.       culture

4.     A                 isaconceptualtoolforunderstandingcertainspecifiedphenomena.

a.        theory

b.       theoreticalconstruct

c.        psychologicaltest

d.       variable

5.     Ahypothesisistestedby:

a.        logicalreasoning

b.       reviewingthepublishedliterature

c.        conducting empiricalresearch

d.       examiningtheresultsofseveralrelatedstudies

6.     Implicittheories of personality could be described by all but which of the following?

a.        Theyaregenerallyheldbyordinarypeople.

b.       Theyareunscientific.

c.        Theyarenotnecessarilyincorrect.

d.       Theiraccuracyisguaranteed.

7.     Inusingthe“knowngroupsmethod”todeterminewhetheratestisvalid,aresearcherneeds totest:

a.        groupsofpeoplewhomheorsheknowspersonally

b.       subjectswhoagreetohavetheirnamesknown

c.        groupswithpublishednormsonavarietyofpersonalitytests

d.       groupswhichcanbepresumedtodifferontheconstructbeingmeasured

8.     Personalityresearchersuse:

a.        self-reportmeasures

b.       projectivetests

c.        behavioralmeasures

d.       Alloftheabove.

9.     IntheanalysisofAdolfHitler,towhatdidtheanalystsattributeHitler’styrannical rage?

a.        Hisunderdevelopedid.

b.       Hisoveractivesuperego.

c.        Hisfailureasanartist.

d.       Hisweak/non-existentego.

10.  Theterm“psychicdeterminism”refersto:

a.        thescientificmethod

b.       theinfluenceoftheunconscious

c.        extra-sensoryperception

d.       willpower

11.  Hypnosisisbestdescribedasa(n):

a.        separatestateofconsciousness

b.       fraudulentclaim

c.        stateofgreatsuggestibility

d.       epileptic-likeseizure

12.  Theunconsciousisleastlikelytoberevealedthrough:

a.        theinterpretationofdreams

b.       humor

c.        objectivetests

d.       freeassociation

13.  Theaimofinstinctsis:

a.        mentalhealth

b.       sublimation

c.        tensionreduction

d.       unknown

14.  Whichstructureofpersonalitycorrespondstothe“voiceofconscience,”warningustoavoid evil?

a.        ego

b.       id

c.        superego

d.       hallucination

15.  Whichofthedefensemechanismslistedbelowisthemostprimitive?

a.        projection

b.       denial

c.        identification

d.       rationalization

16.  Accordingto thetext, Dr. MartinLuther King, Jr.,spoke in symbolicterms of thefuturepotentialsoftheworldbecausehewas:

a.        aminister

b.       anintuitivetype

c.        black

d.       anextravert

17.  AccordingtoJung,therelationshipbetweentheconsciousandunconsciousaspectsof personalityisbestunderstoodas:

a.        inflation

b.       conflict

c.        repression

d.       compensation

18.  Jungdescribedtheegoasthe:

a.        gatekeepertoconsciousness

b.       centerofwill

c.        mostconsciousaspectofpersonality

d.       Alloftheabove.

19.  Men’s“innerwoman”isdescribedbyJung’sconceptofthe:

a.        anima

b.       animus

c.        shadow

d.       GreatMother

20.  Thearchetypesthatareclosesttoconsciousnessarethe:

a.        GreatMotherandtheSpiritualFather

b.       HeroandtheTrickster

c.        MandalaandtheSelf

d.       ShadowandtheAnima(orAnimus)

21.  AccordingtoBettelheim’sresearch,whenchildrenareexposedtofairystorieswithallthemonstersandwitchesremoved,they:

a.        becomelessaggressive

b.       becomemoretrustingoftheworld

c.        becomemoredisruptive

d.       loseinterestinthestories

22.  Adler’stheoryiscalled:

a.        psychoanalysis

b.       socialanalysis

c.        individualpsychology

d.       learningtheory

23.  AccordingtoAdler,peoplearemotivatedtomovefrom          to                    .

a.        afeltminus;aplus

b.       Europe;America

c.        ruralareas;cities

d.       physicalneeds;psychologicalneeds

24.  Organinferiority,theaggressivedrive,masculineprotest,superioritystriving,andperfectionstrivingare:

a.        stagesthatoccur,oneaftertheother,inthedevelopmentofnormalpersonality

b.       stagesthatoccur,oneaftertheother,inthedevelopmentofunhealthypersonality

c.        processesinthedevelopmentofAdler’sthinkingaboutpersonality

d.       variousdiagnosticcategories

25.  WhichofthesequestionswouldAdleraskinordertounderstandaperson?

a.        “Atwhatagewereyoutoilettrained?”

b.       “Do you dreamin color orin black andwhite?”

c.        “Whatisyourearliestmemory?”

d.       “Whatdoesthisinkblotlooklike?”

26.  Accordingto Adler, aperson’s styleoflifeisdeterminedby:

a.        parents

b.       theperson’sowngoals

c.        fate

d.       biological factors

27.  Oldestchildren are               bythearrivaloflaterchildren,accordingtoAdler.

a.        rewarded

b.       madehigherinstatus

c.        deprivedoftheirpacemaker

d.       dethroned

28.  Theeffectsofbirthorderare:

a.        consistentlyfound,byresearch,toconfirmAdler’s predictions

b.       universalacrossculturesandsocioeconomiclevels

c.        significantforachievement,supportingAdler’stheory,butnotforotheraspectsofpersonality

d.       oftensignificantinresearch,butwithvaryingeffectsindifferentstudies

29.  Peoplewhoscorehighinsocialinterestare

a.        mentallyhealthy

b.       satisfiedwiththeirwork

c.        healthierthanthosewhoscorelow

d.       Alloftheabove.

30.  IncontrasttoFreud’semphasisonsexuality,Eriksonemphasizedthe         aspectsofpersonality.

a.        work-oriented

b.       anal

c.        oral

d.       social

31.  Inhisepigeneticprinciple,Eriksoncompareddevelopmentwith:

a.        themotionofobjectsasdescribedinphysics

b.       thebiologicaldevelopmentofafetus

c.        thespiritualdevelopmentofasoul

d.       anactororactresslearningascript

32.  Thetaskofinfancy,inErikson’sterminology,istodevelopasenseof:

a.        autonomy

b.       thebody

c.        trust

d.       attachmenttothemother

33.  Accordingto Erikson’stheory,asenseofinferiorityisparticularlylikelytodevelopduringthe

                 stageofdevelopment.

a.        second

b.       third

c.        fourth

d.       fifth

34.  Thecrisisof                versusisolationoccursinearlyadulthood.

a.        generativity

b.       togetherness

c.        intimacy

d.       assertiveness

35.  Religion,accordingtoErikson,ismostrelevantto:

a.        initiative

b.       will

c.        hope

d.       fidelity

36.  Erikson’stheoryimpliesthatproblemswithtechnologyarerelevanttowhichstageofdevelopment?

a.        second

b.       fourth

c.        sixth

d.       seventh

37.  WhatsocialchangehadamajorimpactonHorney’slife?

a.        the rise ofNazi forces

b.       increasingreligiousconflict

c.        increasingopportunitiesforwomen

d.       thedecline of agriculture

38.  Apersonwhoadoptsthe“self-effacingsolution”is:

a.        mentallyhealthy

b.       “movingtoward”typeperson

c.        “movingaway”typeperson

d.       “movingagainst”typeperson

39.  Apersonwhoadoptsthe“resignationsolution”isa(n):

a.        movingtowardtypeperson

b.       movingagainsttypeperson

c.        movingawaytypeperson

d.       emotionallywellbalancedperson

40.  Theappealofloveisrelatedto:

a.        theself-effacing solution

b.       theexpansivesolution

c.        resignation(solution)

d.       Noneoftheabove.

41.  Thegrowthpotentialwithinapersonbelongstothe             self(inHorney’stheory).

a.        actual

b.       idealized

c.        social

d.       real

42.  AccordingtoHorney,thefourmajoradjustmentstrategies:

a.        eliminateneurosis

b.       aresignsofpsychosis

c.        createtheappearanceofharmonywithoutsolvingtheneuroticproblem

d.       aremorecommonlyusedbywomenthanbymen

43.  Jerrythinksofhimselfascheerful,buttypicallyrespondsto“Howareyou?”withsome gloomyanswer.Heisusingthesecondaryadjustmenttechniquecalled:

a.        elusiveness

b.       blindspots

c.        compartmentalizing

d.       arbitraryrightness

44.  WhenAllportmetFreud,whathappened?

a.        FreudanalyzedAllport’sdreams.

b.       Freudexperiencedapowerfulcountertransference.

c.        AllportthoughtthatFreudmisunderstoodhim.

d.       AllportproposedthathedevelopatesttomeasureFreudiandefensemechanisms.

45.  AccordingtoAllport,heredityinfluences           aspectsofpersonality.

a.        no

b.       afew

c.        many

d.       all

46.  AllportandOdbertidentified17,953traitnamesbystudying:

a.        collegefreshmen

b.       biographiesoffamouspeople

c.        lettersfromJenny

d.       thedictionary

47.  NearlyeveryonewhoknowsHarryagreesthatheisfriendly.“Friendly”isprobablya

                 traitforHarry.

a.        cardinal

b.       secondary

c.        central

d.       primary

48.  Whichofthe followingisnot listedbyAllport ascharacteristic ofanormal, matureadult?

a.        warmhumaninteractions

b.       emotionalsecurity

c.        realisticperceptions

d.       financialsuccess

49.  Inadulthood,apersonisinthestageofdevelopmentthatAllportcalled:

a.        ego-enhancement

b.       ego-extension

c.        theknower

d.       self-identity

50.  WhichofthefollowingisnotadescriptionofSonyaSotomayorbyindividualsthat demonstratethepersonalityfactorsofExtraversionandAgreeableness?

a.        warm

b.       generous

c.        ateamplayer

d.       ambitious

51.  Cattelldefinedpersonalityasthatwhichpermits:

a.        predictionofwhatapersonwilldoinagivensituation

b.       evaluationofthelevelofadjustmentofaperson

c.        selectionofanappropriatequestionnaire

d.       optimalassignmentofindividualstojobs

52.  Cattell classifiedprojective tests,such astheRorschach inkblottest, as:

a.        D-data

b.       L-data

c.        Q-data

d.       T-data

53.  Thesetofaperson’sscoresonall16factorsofthe16PF:

a.        iscalledthe“profile”

b.       musttotal100

c.        isameasureofadjustment

d.       isameasureofintelligence

54.  Neuroticstypicallyhavelowscoreson:

a.        intelligence

b.       egostrength

c.        introversion

d.       Alloftheabove.

55.  Researchershavefoundwhatkindofevidenceagainsttheinherited“innateability” interpretationoftheCultureFairIntelligence Test?

a.        educationdoesinfluencefluidintelligencescores

b.       zerocorrelationsbetweenparentsandchildrenonthismeasure

c.        failureofthemeasuretopredictschoolperformance

d.       highcorrelationsbetweenthistestandmeasuresofextraversion

56.  Imitatingothersismadepossiblebiologicallyby:

a.        mirrorneurons

b.       memorystrategies

c.        evolvedpsychologicalmechanisms

d.       temperament

57.  Evolvedpsychologicalmechanismsincludeallofthefollowingexcept:

a.        imitation

b.       sexualjealousy

c.        temperament

d.       sexualattractionbasedonphysicalappearance

58.  Studiesofratsdeprivedofmaternalcontactshowedthattheratsdevelopedpermanent deficitsinthehippocampus.Suchdeficits(inratsorhumans)couldmakethemmore vulnerableto:

a.        aggression

b.       depression

c.        introversion

d.       sexualpromiscuity

59.  Accordingtothetext,thecommunicationof       makesociallivingpossible.

a.        socialnorms

b.       emotions

c.        altruism

d.       empathy

60.  Childrenwhocriedandclungtotheirmothers,in Kagan’s studies,werecalled:

a.        inhibited

b.       neurotic

c.        difficultychildren

d.       uninhibited

61.  InKagan’smodel,childrenaremorelikelytodevelopanaggressive,antisocialpersonalityiftheyhavean:

a.        inhibitedtemperamentandreceiveoverprotection

b.       inhibitedtemperamentandareencouragedtoexploretheenvironment

c.        uninhibitedtemperamentandreceivestrictdiscipline

d.       uninhibitedtemperamentandreceivelaxdiscipline

62.  Freud’sconceptof“libido”correspondstoDollardandMiller’sconceptof:

a.        anxiety

b.       behaviorgradients

c.        cue

d.       drive

63.  Undesirableresponsescanbeeliminatedby:

a.        extinctionorpunishment

b.       punishmentorreward

c.        extinctionorspontaneousrecovery

d.       generalizationordiscrimination

64.  Inadditionto Freud’s firstthreepsychosexualstages,DollardandMillerdescribedafourthstage,concernedwithconflictover:

a.        anger

b.       sexroles

c.        siblings

d.       playmates

65.  CharlieBrownwantstotalk tothelittlered-headed girl,butheis afraidshewillrejecthim. What typeofconflictis this?

a.        approach-approachconflict

b.       avoidance-avoidanceconflict

c.        approach-avoidanceconflict

d.       doubleapproach-avoidanceconflict

66.  DollardandMillerexplainedaggressionwiththeir          hypothesis.

a.        aggressionformation

b.       anger-anxiety

c.        frustration-aggression

d.       libido

67.  Psychotherapy,asweknowittoday,involves:

a.        learningnewlabelsforexperience

b.       learningtoexpressunwantedthoughts

c.        expressingfearedmaterialwithoutreprimand

d.       Alloftheabove.

68.  Becausetheyboththoughtintermsofprivacyandpower,NixonandKissingercouldrelatewelltoone another, accordingto Kelly’s  Corollary.

a.        Choice

b.       Commonality

c.        Modulation

d.       Sociality

69.  Kellycalledhisphilosophicalassumption“             ”.

a.        logicalpositivism

b.       constructivealternativism

c.        physiologicaldeterminism

d.       humanisticscience

70.  InKelly’stheory,peoplearemorelikelytoexperimentwithnewconstructswhentheyare:

a.        threatened

b.       inlove

c.        notthreatened

d.       angry

71.  AccordingtoKelly,allconstructshave           pole(s).

a.        1

b.       2

c.        3

d.       many

72.  “Slot-movement”refersto:

a.        radicalchanges, such asfrom atheist to “born-againChristian”

b.       rolechanges,suchasmovingfrombeingastudenttobeinganemployee

c.        gambling

d.       amethodforscoringpersonalitytests

73.  Kellyunderstooddifferencesbetweenindividualsasdueto:

a.        differentearlyexperience

b.       differentpersonalconstructs

c.        heredity

d.       misunderstandingsbyresearchers

74.  Thetermconsistencyparadoxrefersto:

a.        thechallengeofunderstandinghowpeoplecandevelopacrossalifetimeyetstillremain consistent

b.       thediscrepancybetweenresearch,whichshowsthatpeopleactdifferentlyindifferent situations,andcommonsense,whichsaystheyareconsistent

c.        people’seffortstoseemconsistenttootherpeople

d.       theparadoxthatmostpersonalitytheoriesseemtobesayingthesamething,onlyin differentwords

75.  InMischel’sterminology,the             ofanextravertedpersonmightincludeknowinghowtobeginaconversationwithastrangerandthinkingofthingstosayinaconversation.

a.        competencies

b.       expectancies

c.        personvariables

d.       traits

76.  Adamdoesn’t knowwhether he willbe thanked orcriticized if hehelps cook dinner.He isuncertainabout:

a.        self-efficacyexpectancies

b.       competencies

c.        encodingstrategies

d.       behavior-outcome  expectancies

77.  Mischelconducted research on the delay of gratificationin:

a.        rats

b.       employeesoflargecompanies

c.        children

d.       twins