Job Designs and organizational life cycles

This is 2 separate assignments, please do not combine them. Al so please use scholarly sources. No blogs!

#1

What kinds of jobs are needed in an organization? How has specialization of labor, or division of labor, been implemented in an organization in which you have worked (or researched)? How are departments organized? Do you perceive these groupings to be effective? Why or why not?

#2

Read the article, “Organizational life cycles and shifting criteria of effectiveness: Some preliminary evidence”. Describe the chronicle of life cycle change and the early stages of development, performance and resource acquisition, events leading to later stages of development, and the development of the formalization and control stage. Why do you think the author wrote about this topic? Why is it important?

Article link is attached