If you could witness any of the events and locations covered in our readings this week, what would you wish to see and why? Which event do you think is most significant for the development of Western civilization? 150 words or more no format discussion

 " If you could witness any of the events and locations covered in our readings this week, what would you wish to see and why?" Which I just posted the question without paying it much attention already paid you because you did do work as requested however you answer pertains to the wrong time period..... If you are interested in doing again will pay you for doing twice??    here are the particulars about this weeek...Unit VI covers Chapters 11 and 12 and examines the changing landscape of Medieval Europe through the Renaissance period. Chapter 11 opens with a discussion of the Black Plague, famine, and economic crisis. Thirteenth century population growth contributed to both the famine and plague. The eleventh century agricultural revolution, while increasing production, could not keep up with the population growth which doubled in 300 years. Along with the growing population came climate change with the “Little Ice Age,” consequently disrupting agricultural production. When the Black Death arrived in the midfourteenth century, the population was already weakened. Literature and art reflected the social, political and economic impact of the Black Plague. Following the Black Plague, Europeans experienced the invasions of the Mongols and then the Ottoman Turks. Mongol leader Temujin, later known as Genghis Khan, first broke through the wall of China and crossed Asia, Georgia, northern Persia, Kievan Rus, Korea and Hungary. The Ottoman Turks absorbed the Mongols, who were small in numbers The Ottoman dynasty lasted nearly 600 years and was successful at state building. Ottoman state building was based on loyalty to the Sultan. The Ottomans caused problems for the Byzantine Empire and chipped away at its borders with constant attacks. They focused on eliminating polytheists and believed Christians to be polytheists because of their belief in the trinity and saints. In 1453, the Ottomans conquered the Byzantine Empire and Constantine XI served as the last emperor. While this marked the end of the ancient Roman Empire, the first Ottoman sultans in Constantinople were still known as Roman emperors.” Hundreds of years of attacks by the Mongol and Ottoman Empires redrew the map of the West.” (Levack, Muir & Veldman, 2011, p. 343). The Ottomans also established a lasting Muslim presence in Europe. At the same time that the Ottomans conquered the Byzantine Empire, trade declined, Italian banks collapsed, and the international financial system deteriorated in Western Europe. Guilds soon arose along with worker rebellions in Italy and France. Conflict over monarchial succession led to the Hundred Years War between England and France. New military technology emerged from this conflict, including the longbow, introduction of gunpowder, and, by the early sixteenth century, the bronze muzzle-loading cannons. Armies shifted from mounted knights to foot soldiers. Armies also became more complex and expensive and required recruiting, training, and drilling. The Hundred Years War contributed to the economic decline and continued weakening Western Europe. In the early fourteenth century, questions arose over the role and authority of the pope and role of the church. The Great Schism, the Conciliar Movement, and the ideas of reformers Jon Wycliffe and Jan Huss each contributed to the evolution of the church. Chapter 12 begins by defining the Renaissance as a time of “rebirth” of the ideas of ancient Greece and Italy. During this period, new ideas developed along with the revival of ancient ideas. Renaissance cities Florence and Venice exemplified Renaissance ideas and provided an open environment for these ideas. The chapter explores art, literature, science, and political leaders of the period. Individuals such as Isabella D’Este, Machiavelli, Cosimo de Medici are discussed. This period also brought humanist scholars who studied ancient Greek and Roman texts and focused on grammar, rhetoric, history, poetry and ethics. An important invention of this time was the printing press which spread new ideas and increased literacy. Chapter 12 ends with the development of the early modern European state system. Leaders of this time included Isabella and Ferdinand, Charles VII, Louis XI, and Henry VII. Standing armies, increasing taxation, weakening local authority, declining aristocratic and church independence, and the use of resident ambassadors laid the foundation of modern Europe.

If you could witness any of the events and locations covered in our readings this week, what would you wish to see and why?  Which event do you think is most significant for the development of Western civilization? 

150 words or more no format discussion board post but pertaining to time period listed 

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