The first portion does not require explanations, however please include a detailed explanation for

The first portion does not require explanations, however please include a detailed explanation for the second section. Thank you. 

Fill-ins:

1. For a regular, 2-tailed test with alpha (a)= .05 with df= 12, the boundaries for the critical region in the t-distribution would be +and  - _________ and for alpha (a)= .01 would be + and - ________.

2. The critical region for a hypothesis test consists of outcomes that are very ______ (likely or unlikely) if the null hypothesis is true, and so is located in the  _______ (tails or middle) of the distribution.

3. If a treatment really is effective in treating cancer, but our results are NOT in the critical region, we risk missing out on detecting a real difference and thus risk committing a Type   ______ error. (Type 1,2 or 3)

4. If a treatment is NOT effective, but our results are in the critical region, we risk committing a Type __ error. (Type 1,2, or 3)

5. A study which has two separate groups (and measures data on an interval or ratio scale) is a __________   (within-subjects or between-subjects) and would be analyzed with what type of t-test?  __________

6. By contrast, a study in which the subjects in each of the two groups are specifically matched on characteristics would be considered ______ (within-subjects or between-subjects) and would be analyzed with what type of t-test?  _______

Multiple Choice Question with explanation:

1.) A population of individuals with stunted growth has a mean height of 60 inches.  The researchers suspect that the hormone could in a fact significantly increase people’s growth.  They take a sample of n= 25 individuals and give them a series of injections of a growth hormone.  If the growth hormone is effective and has a LARGE effect on people’s growth, then ________ .   Indicate your answer (A-D below)  Then explain WHY that is the answer (as though you were tutoring a fellow classmate about hypothesis testing.) 

a.) The sample mean should be far from 60 and should lead you to fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that you have a significant effect

b.) The sample mean should be far from 60 and should lead you to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that you have a significant effect.

c.) The sample mean should be close to 60 and should lead you to fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that you have a significant effect

d.) The sample mean should be close to 60 and should lead you to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that you have a significant effect.