final_exam

GED215

Psychology of Adjustment

Text:       Psychology For Living: Adjustment, Growth, and Behavior Today

9th Edition, 2008 ISBN: 0-13-222447-X

Authors:       Karen Grover Duffy and Eastwood Atwater

Publisher:      Pearson/Prentice Hall

GED215

Psychology of Adjustment

Text:Psychology For Living: Adjustment, Growth, and Behavior Today

9th Edition, 2008 ISBN: 0-13-222447-X

Authors:Karen Grover Duffy and Eastwood Atwater

Publisher:Pearson/Prentice Hall

Final Examination

925 N. Spurgeon Street, Santa Ana, CA 92701   Phone: 714-547-9625   Fax: 714-547-5777

03/09

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

Multiple Choice Questions (Enter your answers on the enclosed answer sheet)

1)  The world as we know it today is characterized by

A)more collectivism in comparison to individualism 

B)galloping technological changes 

C)slower social change than was witnessed in previous decades 

D)a movement toward increased industrialization and fewer service industries 

2)  The fear of technology is known as

A)technophobia 

B)electronosis

C)decidophobia

D)computeritis

3)What is the most popular (frequent) method used by Americans to find infor-mation? 

A)radio 

B)newspapers 

C)Internet 

D)TV 

4)  In today’s world, almost ________ percent of Americans use e-mail.

A)75 

B)50 

C)100 

D)25 

5)  Which is NOT a technique to help the environment?

A)recycle 

B)reproduce 

C)reuse 

D)reduce 

6)Truly autonomous people who are unafraid to make important decisions and who accept responsibility for their lives and their decisions are 

A)collectivistic 

B)self-actualized 

C)normalistic

D)decidoteric

1

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

7)Researchers have found high stability across a life span for which personality trait?

A)introversion-extroversion 

B)authoritarianism 

C)perfectionism 

D)self-esteem 

8)  The highest degree of stability of personality has been found in the domain of

A)authoritarianism 

B)introversion-extroversion 

C)perfectionism 

D)self-esteem 

9)  How does personal growth usually proceed?

A)acknowledgment, dissatisfaction, reorganization 

B)dissonance, neutrality, consonance 

C)dissatisfaction, reorganization, acknowledgment 

D)dissonance, consonance, neutrality 

10) The experience of personal growth usually ends with the stage of

A)changing our attitudes 

B)reorganizing our experience 

C)acknowledging change 

D)feeling anxiety and discomfort 

11) In which psychoanalytic stage did Freud say genuine love develops?

A)anal 

B)genital 

C)latency 

D)oral 

12)According to Erikson, the second stage of psychosocial development poses the developmental task of 

A)autonomy vs. shame 

B)industry vs. inferiority 

C)trust vs. mistrust 

D)initiative vs. guilt 

2

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

13) The process by which we learn by observing is called

A)reinforcement 

B)punishment 

C)observational learning 

D)learning theory 

14)________ emphasizes the importance of learning and the environment rather than biological or unconscious drives. 

A)Jung’s analytical psychology 

B)Bandura’s social learning theory 

C)Erikson’s psychosocial theory 

D)Freud’s psychodynamic theory 

15)Ken argued with Audra that they should give up their stressful jobs and move to a small town to start a winery. He was confident they would be successful. Ken has high levels of 

A)self-efficacy 

B)personality dynamism 

C)self-actualizing tendency 

D)ego as well as id 

16) Humanistic psychology has received national prominence as

A)deconstructivist

B)the third force in psychology 

C)emphasizing individual sameness 

D)Freud’s theory 

17)According to the concept of positive regard, children automatically develop a need for 

A)behavior rewards 

B)acceptance by others 

C)social consciousness 

D)valuing self 

18) According to Maslow, self-actualizing people

A)have reached a healthier level of functioning than the rest of us 

B)are more self-centered than the average person 

C)have met all their life goals 

D)are exempt from anxiety as well as neurotic behavior 

3

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

19) According to Maslow, self-actualization is

A)more common among children than adults 

B)rarely achieved until young adulthood 

C)a lifelong task that is rarely completed 

D)usually attained in Western but not Eastern societies 

20) With advancing age, individual differences in development become

A)no different 

B)less pronounced 

C)more pronounced 

D)none of the above describe advancing age 

21) The developmental task of leaving home most importantly involves

A)differentiating one’s self from one’s parents 

B)getting married and having a family 

C)cutting all ties to one’s parents 

D)moving out of the family home 

22) In the last decade, a trend seen in young adults’ behavior is that

A)more young adults are moving in with their parents 

B)more young adults are majoring in humanities and social sciences 

C)many are less concerned with social issues, such as environment 

D)more females than males between 20-24 years old are living with their parents 

23) Women in midlife often

A)worry about their biological clock 

B)avoid schooling 

C)avoid adoption 

D)avoid the workforce 

24) Is there any way to predict Alzheimer’s disease?

A)yes, mild cognitive impairment at midlife often predicts later Alzheimer’s 

B)yes, the way to test for it is to test for memory loss when it is first suspected 

C)no, it is found only upon autopsy 

D)no, there is no way to predict nor to diagnose it for sure 

4

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

25) Viagra is for

A)men only, not women 

B)older men in their change of life 

C)arthritis in men and women 

D)young people, both male and female 

26) Which factor(s) account(s) for an individual’s desire to retire?

A)attitudes toward retirement 

B)perceived adequacy of income 

C)general health 

D)all of the above 

27) What is true of the Social Security system?

A)the government can be depended on to help the elderly even if they have never worked a day in their lives 

B)the age for eligibility is rising 

C)individuals automatically receive it upon retirement 

D)all of these are true 

28) The more active a person is, the more satisfied a person remains is explained by

A)disenchantment 

B)the climacteric 

C)activity theory 

D)disenfranchisement 

29)All those perceptions of “I” and “me” together with the feelings and beliefs associated with them are called the 

A)social self 

B)ideal self 

C)real self 

D)self-concept 

30) The notion that each of us has multiple selves really means

A)there is no coherent core of the self-concept 

B)everyone has multiple personality disorders 

C)there is no such thing as the self-concept 

D)the self-concept is a cluster of self images

5

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

31) Experiences that are inconsistent with our existing self-concept tend to be

A)admitted fully into conscious awareness 

B)distorted or denied to awareness 

C)incorporated into our ideal self 

D)labeled accurately 

32)Experiences that are consistent with both our sensory reactions and self-- concept

A)are denied to awareness 

B)are usually distorted 

C)are rarely accurately labeled 

D)comprise the core of our self-concept 

33) Low self-esteem is characterized by

A)trying so hard to improve his math scores 

B)poor performance on spelling tests 

C)refusal to accept praise 

D)all of the above 

34) According to the text, our perception of how others view us is keyed to

A)who we would like to be 

B)what others think of us 

C)the way we see ourselves 

D)our parental influence 

35) Research demonstrates that most individuals

A)expect higher grades than they receive 

B)underestimate their own intelligence 

C)overestimate how salient their own behaviors and appearance are to others 

D)feel self-feedback is more important than feedback from others 

36) One of the best ways to handle personal criticism is to take it as

A)a matter that requires you to defend yourself 

B)a matter which requires immediate action 

C)a cue that action may be required 

D)the reflection of another person’s envy 

6

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

37)During the early stages of psychotherapy and self-improvement, people tend to express a lot of 

A)rejection of the therapist 

B)self-insight 

C)self-dissatisfaction 

D)self-acceptance 

38)Which of the following is true about the ideal body thought to be desired by the opposite sex? 

A)women believe men want a thin woman, but men do not confirm this 

B)college women think men want a woman who is thinner with larger breasts than the woman the men say they actually desire 

C)college men think women want a man who is thinner and taller than the man the women say they actually want 

D)the type of woman men actually want is dissimilar to the body ideal held by women 

39)With regard to health behaviors, which personality trait enables us to adopt healthy and therefore preventive behaviors? 

A)competitiveness 

B)self-efficacy 

C)introspection 

D)conformity 

40) A return to previous behavior is called

A)addiction 

B)rebound 

C)relapse 

D)none of the above 

41) Women doctors

A)spend more time with patients 

B)explain medical terminology better 

C)allow patients to talk more 

D)all of the above 

7

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

42)According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s food pyramid, what sub-stance should we consume the most of? 

A)meat 

B)breads 

C)dairy 

D)fruits and vegetables 

43) Which statement is true about dreams?

A)dreams are unnecessary 

B)dreams are realistic and meaningful 

C)dream analysis is well agreed upon 

D)dream time decreases as we age 

44) Physical fitness is associated with

A)fighting some cancers 

B)reducing anxiety 

C)improved mood 

D)all of the above 

45)________ locus of control is when a person believes they have control; 

________ locus of control is when a person feels an outside source has control. 

A)internal; external 

B)external; internal 

C)personal; external 

D)personal; internal 

46)One of the most reliable predictors of who will complete or drop out of pro-grams for weight loss or substance abuse is the individual’s 

A)educational level 

B)perceived control 

C)gender 

D)marital status 

47) When we want to lead and inspire others, we should

A)focus only on the negative aspects of changing our ways 

B)focus on short-term but negative effects 

C)focus on being optimistic and emphasizing the positive 

D)focus on building empathy 

8

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

48)In the recommended process for making wise decisions, the fifth and final stage consists of 

A)accepting the challenge 

B)assessing your actions and decision 

C)following through with your decision 

D)searching for alternatives 

49) Which of the following is an example of reactance?

A)driving slowly because someone is tailgating to get you to speed up 

B)reading a book you have always wanted to read just for sheer pleasure 

C)finishing a crossword puzzle and feeling very proud of yourself 

D)giving money to charity every year and giving the same amount 

50)The technique of listing the advantages and disadvantages of a given course of action before making a decision is called 

A)values clarification 

B)direct decision therapy 

C)creative conflict management 

D)the balance sheet procedure 

51) The need that appears at the top of Maslow’s hierarchy is

A)belonging 

B)physiological needs 

C)safety needs 

D)self-actualization 

52) According to Maslow’s hierarchical model of needs, the most urgent need is

A)the highest level of unmet needs 

B)the need for self-actualization 

C)the need for security and other social needs 

D)the lowest level of unmet needs 

53)Intrinsic motivation involves active engagement out of personal interest, while external motivation involves 

A)engagement to satisfy family 

B)a need to have others guide you 

C)engagement as a means to an end 

D)a desire to help others 

9

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

54) Zuckerman and others suggest that the need for sensation-seeking behavior

A)is entirely due to our life circumstances, especially our field of employment; if the job is boring, we seek sensations elsewhere 

B)may be partly biological 

C)becomes stronger with age 

D)is not affected by social influences 

55) An efficacious person says:

A)”Why didn’t I do this yesterday?” 

B)“We don’t have to be perfect.” 

C)”I can do this. “ 

D)“I may do it now or never.” 

56)Based on his cross-cultural research, Matsumoto claims that a seventh universal emotion expressed on the human face is 

A)frustration 

B)love 

C)joy 

D)contempt 

57) A basic principle of person perception is

A)our first impressions are not the most lasting impressions 

B)people form impressions of others only after they have gleaned lots of infor-mation

C)not all of us form first impressions of other people; we wait to pass judgment 

D)people tend to form extensive impressions of others on the basis of very little information 

58) Our first impressions of people are generally based on

A)sound psychological principles 

B)very little information 

C)careful observations 

D)a lot of experience with the person 

10

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

59)When it comes to physical attraction between people of the opposite sex, the “matching hypothesis” implies that 

A)females seek males who match their parents’ images 

B)males seek females like their mothers, and females seek males like their fathers 

C)we are attracted to people who reciprocate our liking of them 

D)we seek people who are about as attractive as we are 

60) Shyness in the extreme is called social anxiety, or

A)social phobia 

B)unfamiliarity 

C)psychopathic 

D)biological predisposition 

61) Who is shy?

A)teens are the shiest age group in America 

B)women are shier than men 

C)adults are shier than children 

D)whites are shier than minorities 

62) Which statement is true about loneliness?

A)people with high emotional intelligence experience greater loneliness 

B)individuals whose parents died experience increased loneliness 

C)people who are high in empathy and aware of their emotions tend to be lonely 

D)some of the loneliest people had divorced parents when they were young 

63) What is the correct sequence of group formation, according to the text?

A)forming, storming, norming, and performing 

B)storming, forming, norming, and performing 

C)norming, storming, performing, and forming 

D)forming, storming, performing, and norming 

64)In what type of social influence situation do we follow direct commands from others? 

A)interpersonal attraction 

B)compliance 

C)conformity 

D)obedience 

11

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

65)The “great man theory” found ________ traits to be correlated with effective U.S. presidents. 

A)3 

B)4 

C)5 

D)6 

66) Which set of terms best fit together?

A)in-group, task-oriented, groupthink 

B)great man theory, women, conformity 

C)collectives, conformity, group polarization 

D)emotional intelligence, charismatic leader, transformational leader 

67)The person who remains neutral in a conflict but renders a binding solution to the conflict is known as a(n) 

A)mindguard

B)arbitrator 

C)mediator 

D)none of these is correct 

68)People who score high on the Realistic theme of the Strong Interest Inventory would most likely enjoy a job working as an 

A)accountant 

B)biologist 

C)engineer 

D)stockbroker 

69)Which is NOT a major reason that job satisfaction tends to rise with age and/ or years on the job? 

A)knowing office politics and how to circumvent them 

B)having more realistic job expectations 

C)job security 

D)rising pay 

70)Which of the following is an example of sexual harassment according to the text’s definition? 

A)a male coworker whistles at his female colleague who wears a short skirt to work; she is so distressed by this that she never again wears a short skirt to work 

12

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

B)a male employer puts his arm around his secretary who is uncomfortable each time he does this 

C)a male coworker often tells dirty jokes which embarrass all the female em-ployees

D)all of these are examples, especially if the behavior impedes the performance of the women 

71)According to a Lou Harris poll, compared to workers in the recent past, the average American worker today 

A)has the same amount of leisure time 

B)works fewer hours a week 

C)has less leisure time 

D)has more leisure time 

72) The most common reason Americans take a vacation is for

A)family togetherness 

B)escape 

C)self-discovery 

D)relaxation 

73)The Masters and Johnson team identified ________ stages in the sexual response cycle. 

A)6 

B)5 

C)4 

D)7 

74)When she is sure she won’t see anyone she knows, Sveta occasionally goes out in public dressed like a man. She probably is 

A)a transsexual 

B)a crossdresser

C)intersexed

D)autoerotic 

13

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

75) According to the text, the ideal type of love is

A)intimate love 

B)passionate love 

C)companionate love 

D)consummate love 

76)Which one of the following birth control techniques is regarded as most effec-tive? 

A)diaphragm 

B)cervical cap 

C)combined birth-control pills 

D)condom 

77) Which STD if left untreated can cause brain damage, blindness, or paralysis?

A)genital herpes 

B)syphilis 

C)chlamydia 

D)all three of these 

78) In the triangular theory of love, ________ is the motivational aspect of love.

A)passion 

B)commitment 

C)intimacy 

D)romance 

79)According to studies comparing people’s current romantic relationships with their childhood attachment styles, individuals who exhibit the “anxious-am-bivalent” pattern 

A)are the most cynical about romantic love 

B)report their romances last the longest 

C)are the most prone to jealousy 

D)fall in love easily, but rarely find true love 

80) The divorce rate in the U.S. now stands at ________ percent.

A)50 

B)75 

C)25 

D)5 

14

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

81) EFT is a technique to

A)change thought and emotional patterns 

B)intervene in disputes 

C)handle family budgets 

D)aid in sexual dysfunction 

82) Studies of divorced people have shown that

A)most remarry in the first year after their divorce 

B)few of them are willing ever to marry anyone 

C)most divorced people marry another divorced person 

D)none of these is true about divorced people 

83) According to Hans Selye, stress which has a beneficial effect on us is called

A)eustress 

B)hypostress

C)distress 

D)hyperstress

84) What are common reactions to terrorism?

A)feeling tense 

B)sleep problems 

C)feeling numb 

D)all of the above 

85)In his first week as an air-traffic controller, Harley is already complaining of headaches and fatigue. Harley’s symptoms are characteristic of which stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

A)the intermediate stage 

B)resistance 

C)exhaustion 

D)alarm 

86)Cumulative changes that reflect the cost to the body for adapting to stressful demands is called 

A)allostatic load 

B)acting out 

C)homeostasis 

D)repression 

15

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

87) Withdrawal from a stressful situation

A)is a viable problem-solving response under some conditions 

B)is almost always an unhealthy, maladjusted response to stress 

C)is a temporary symptom-reducing response, so it rarely works 

D)is the preferred response in almost all stressful situations 

88)In terms of mental disorders, most mental health professionals greatly attend to 

A)the statistical rarity of the behavior 

B)the legal model of insanity 

C)the person’s reputation among his or her peers 

D)the individual’s level of personal distress 

89) With regard to mental disorder and diversity, which statement(s) is/are true?

A)minorities in treatment receive poorer quality care 

B)minorities are underrepresented in mental health research 

C)minorities have less access to mental health services 

D)all of these are true 

90) Which is not a category of compulsions?

A)hoarder 

B)slacker 

C)repeater 

D)orderer

91) In contrast to major depression, bipolar disorder

A)is more common in the general population 

B)is more prevalent among women than men 

C)is more prevalent among married people 

D)usually occurs before age 30 

92) Which of the following are obvious symptoms of psychosis?

A)fear of being alone and fear of high places 

B)overeating and anxiety 

C)delusions and hallucinations 

D)none of these is a symptom of psychosis 

16

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

93)Which type of therapy emphasizes the importance of the therapist’s attitude of acceptance and empathetic understanding of the client? 

A)psychoanalytic therapy 

B)rational-emotive therapy 

C)person-centered therapy 

D)gestalt therapy 

94)The notion that the people who can help you best are those who have similar problems is a common assumption in 

A)gestalt therapy 

B)contextual therapy 

C)mutual-help groups 

D)social skills training 

95)The class of medication for mental disorders that has increased most dra-matically is 

A)lithium products 

B)antianxiety drugs 

C)antipsychotic medication 

D)antidepressants 

96) ________ has been shown by multiple studies to reduce depression.

A)Eating more salt and less sugar 

B)Exercise, such as jogging 

C)Eating more sugar and less salt 

D)Listening to classical music 

97) People tend to overestimate the risk of death from causes such as

A)strokes 

B)heart attacks 

C)accidents 

D)diabetes 

98)Mary is less fearful of death than many older people her age. According to the text, a major reason for Mary’s diminished fear of death probably is her 

A)having a college education 

B)genuine belief in the afterlife 

C)feeling that “it can’t happen to me” 

D)having cared for a terminally ill friend 

17

Psychology of Adjustment

Final Examination

99) The healthy process of grief work involves

A)avoiding formal funeral services for others 

B)wearing mourning clothes 

C)not talking about one’s loss 

D)sharing one’s feelings of grief 

100) What is a typical response of caregivers to long-term caregiving?

A)depression 

B)relief when the cared for person dies 

C)self-satisfaction 

D)resentment