ETH/316 Final Exam

MATCHING: Using the referenced Key Terms and Definitions below, answer questions
1 through 3:

Reference: Matching Key Terms and Definitions

a) Stake

b) Primary stakeholder

c) Secondary stakeholder

1. Business partners, customers, and employees.

2. An interest, claim, or right to something.

3. Opinion formers, community, and authorities.

4. Organization cultures vary widely, even within the same industry.

5. According to the authors, ethical behavior is defined as:

a) a set of moral principles or values that guide an individual

b) rules of behavior set by the Federal government

c) principles, norms, and standards agreed upon by society

d) none of the above

6. The ___________ approach to ethical decision making focuses on how people
actually make ethical decisions.

 a) prescriptive

b) descriptive

c) illustrative

d) regulatory

7. According to a survey of executives, most respondents would rather lie to employees
about performance than confront them about performance problems.

a) True
b) False

8. The Tailhook scandal is an example of:

a) Management focusing too much on the ends rather than the means.

b) The ethical Pygmalion effect.

c) Social learning theory.

d) Employees ignoring management’s clear message.

9. According to the Executive Ethical Leadership Reputation Matrix, ___________ is an
executive characterized as a weak “moral person” and a strong “moral manager.”

a) Unethical leader

b) Ethical leader

c) Ethically neutral leader

d) Hypocritical leader

MATCHING: Using the referenced Key Terms and Definitions below, answer questions
10 through 13:

Reference: Matching Ethical Type to Example

a) Human resource issue

b) Conflict of interest

c) Customer confidence issue

d) Use of corporate resources

10. Accepting a bribe.

11. Discriminating against an employee.

12. A product is unsafe for human consumption.

13. Providing a personal reference on corporate letterhead.

14. Managers at the top levels of an organization report feeling the most pressured to
compromise their ethics.

15. Which of the following is true?

a) Discrimination is an intentional bias that affects behavior.

b) Discrimination occurs whenever something other than qualifications affects
how an employee is treated.

c) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination against individuals who
are under 40 years old against age discrimination.

d) Discrimination is always overt and clear.

16. Which of the following is false?

a) Lawrence Kohlberg developed the cognitive moral development theory by studying
male adult behavior.

b) The cognitive moral development theory focuses primarily on how people decide
what course of action is morally right.

c) Cognitive moral development is an individual difference that impacts the way people
think about an ethical dilemma.

d) Individuals can comprehend and use all stages of reasoning below their own.

17. Before the beginning of the twentieth century, consumers did not have the right to
sue manufacturers.

18. ___________ understand and follow the rules and policies of the organization.
They also have good ethical compasses.

19. Most business managers rely on a deontological approach.

20. According to the Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) pyramid, the __________
responsibility is considered to be of primary importance to organizations.

21. According to cognitive moral development theory, individuals move to a higher
reasoning stage:

22. Groupthink occurs when:

23. In this example of a conflict of interest, ________ conducted a series of off-the-
books partnerships that were used to hide the organization’s debt and inflate its stock
price. The partnerships were managed by the company’s executives who stood to profit
the most from the transactions.

24. When communicating a code of conduct:

25. Federal law prohibits discrimination against individuals with specific characteristics.
Which of the following characteristics is not on that list (i.e. not protected under Federal
law)?

26. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) consists of which four kinds of responsibilities:

27. John works for Kinjo’s Printing Services during the day and Joe’s Diner at night.
This is a conflict of interest.

a. True
b. False

28. Which of the following is false?

29. In a 2002 poll, _________ ranked last on the “who do you trust scale.”

30. According to the authors, most people are guided by a strict internal moral compass
and will not be swayed by organization factors.