english homework

Choose two of the following questions to answer. You may use a one page outline to help answer the questions. See chapters 1,2, and 3 in Mepham to find the information to answer the questions.  

1.  What is Popper's purpose with respect to the testing of scientific theories? What is an example of a bold statement that Popper claims is to be subjected to bold attempts to refute it?

2. Why is Utilitarianism often called Consequentialism? What methodology does Utilitarianism employ when assessing alternatives?

3. Regarding medical ethics, briefly describe the four principles used as guidlines when considering the effects of proposed medical actions, interventions, and treatments.

4. Rawls posits two princilples of justice as fairness. What are the two principles? Why is the second principle known as the Difference Principle?