due tomorrow by 9

Prompts
Choose one of the following prompts.

1. Starting with Peter Singer’s essay entitled “The Singer Solution to World Poverty,” answer the following questions. Do we have a duty to contribute income beyond a certain point to the world’s poor? If so, why? You should at least consider Singer’s arguments. If so, what exactly do we have the duty to do to help the world’s poor? What reasonable objections can be made to the arguments you provide? Should we consider the consequences of our actions or of the consequences of universal adoption of the rule that dictates our actions? Should we ignore our close relationships with family and friends in deciding who needs our help the most? Do not dwell on questions that can only be answered empirically such as the following. Will the money donated be wasted or stolen? Will the recipients of aid become lazy or dependent? Focus on the arguments for particular claims of justice or injustice.

2. Starting with at least one of the readings from Michael Walzer or Henry Shue, answer the following questions. What are the limits on just conduct of war? (this can apply either to what a just or unjust reason for starting and waging a war is, or it can apply to just or unjust ways of fighting the war, regardless of the justice of the reason for fighting the war in the first place) What principle undergirds these limits? You should at least consider the arguments from Walzer or Shue. Are there any circumstances in which these limits may or should be violated? What reasonable objections can be made to the arguments you provide? Think about examples of a particular duty that some people claim we have. For example, some people claim we have a duty to intervene in the internal affairs for a foreign state if the state is violating human rights. Do not dwell on particular historical, military, or political questions that require a great deal of empirical research to answer properly. Focus on the arguments for particular claims of justice or injustice.

3. Starting with the Peter Singer’s “One Atmosphere” chapter in his book One World, answer the following questions. Do we have a duty to mitigate climate change? If so, why? You should at least consider Singer’s proffered arguments. If so, what exactly do we have the duty to do to mitigate climate change? What reasonable objections can be made to the arguments you provide? Do not dwell on scientific, economic, or political questions that require a great deal of empirical research to properly answer. However, one objection you should consider is as follows. Is paying the cost of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions the best way to maximize aggregate utility?

Explanation

1. State clearly which topic you are addressing.
2. State clearly what your answer to the main question of the topic is. This is your thesis.
3. State an argument supporting your thesis. Make sure you address the subsidiary questions in each topic.
4. State relevant objections to the arguments you use to supporting your thesis. Respond to them. Do not just dismiss them or ignore them once you have stated them. You have to argue that these objections are misconceived, irrelevant, false, or whatever.
5. Use at least ten separate academic sources.
Write for an academic audience. This means not using contractions or colloqiualisms.

Use proper spelling, grammar, and style. Do not rely solely upon a word processor’s spelling and grammar tools. Proofread your paper before turning it in.

Use the Times New Roman font, 12-point size, double spaced. Do not have any extra spacing between lines. Margins should be one inch on the top, bottom, left, and right. Put your name and section letter at the top. Do not include any other information. Give your paper a title, but it does not need to be interesting. You will not lose or gain points for a good title or a bad title. “Research essay” is enough.

Your paper must be between 2,400 and 3,000 words (this is approximately 8-10 pages, formatted as described above). Papers that have fewer than 2,400 words will be penalized. I will stop reading at 3,000 words if the paper is too long.

Your citations should use the MLA style. This includes your in-text citations and your works cited page.

include annotated bib 10 sources