Discussion Response

 Below I have two of my classmate’s discussion response and I need a simple one or two line response.

Also, is my discussion response, I need a response to the instructor’s question. The response can be one or two lines.

A total of only 3 short and sweet responses. 

I NEED THIS BACK TODAY BY 8PM EASTERN NEW YORK TIME

1.   

             After reviewing the article, "Prospective prediction of husband marital aggression within newlywed couples", I examined multiple aspects of the study and they are explained as follows:

Research design: The research design of this study is lacking a few important elements. For example, a strong sample size, sampling technique, and a proper control of the study. The researchers conducted a sampling of over 1,000 participants with no exclusions besides being between the ages of 18 and 29, which was never explained thoroughly for the purpose and it being the couples' first marriage. Also, the study was conducted using first time marriages of young couples, which may not provide as much validity than older married couples with perhaps more experience with marriage or those that were divorced to add opinions on why their marriage may have ended and if it was linked to aggression. The study was a year long, with only a few meeting in-between, which some of the participants did not show up for. After the first year anniversary, another questionnaire was conducted with only the remaining participants, some of which were conducted over the phone. This may have affected the results that may have affected the study. 

Sampling technique and Validity: The sampling technique used for this study is convenience sampling. This is a type of random sampling that is easier on the research conductor that makes it easier and cheaper. An issue with this type of sampling is the validity of the experiment. For example, for true random sampling, the accuracy is increased because it decreases the chance of bias. An issue with this study is the way the sampling was conducted. The participants were paid to participate in the study and over 1,000 couples signed up for this study, but no more than 600 participants followed through with the study after the first year. Paying the participants at the beginning of the study does not ensure that they will follow through with the study and it can cause an issue with validity because the results may have been skewed or biased based on the motivating factors of the study. 

Measurements: The size of the sampling is important for a study and that it is not too big or too small. I find that the sampling size of this study is too big and made keeping control of the study very difficult. Perhaps no more than 100 random couples with a commitment to the study with more frequent visits from the conductors would have been more beneficial.

Ethical issues: There is an ethical issue that needs to be addressed about this study. The research question suggests that marital aggression is directly and solely linked to the husband. This insinuates that women are not a factor in the aggression aspect of the marriage. Because the study was based solely on the men, it makes the results unreliable because the answers could be biased from the husband because they may not be aware or may deny having aggression throughout the study. 


Reference:

Leonard, K. E. & Senchak, M. (1996). Prospective prediction of husband marital aggression within newlywed couples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 369-380. 
http://www.thecampuscommon.com/library/ezproxy/ticketdemocs.asp?sch=auo&turl=http://search.proquest.com/docview/214092889 

2. 

This study I’m going to discuss is on marital life between a man and woman whom has been married within the year. I am going to discuss the hostility level in the first year of marriage.

Leonard, K. E. & Senchak, M. (1996). Prospective prediction of husband marital aggression within newlywed couples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 369-380. 

http://www.thecampuscommon.com/library/ezproxy/ticketdemocs.asp?sch=auo&turl=http://search.proquest.com/docview/214092889

Research Design- The research design in this study is to see the aggression level between married couples in their first year of marriage. The study was done with age groups between (18 to 29 adult men) Aggression is much higher in first year marriage than in other marriages that has lasted pass a year mark.

Sampling Technique-

The young couples that was approached were the young ones that were leaving the courthouse from being married. They were then asked to give their opinion for $5.00 for their time.

Threats to Validity- The threats to this survey was that the internal threat was that couples were not compensated for their time versus the other couples who did not get a chance to give their opinions.

Measurement- The measurement broking down in this case were measured between 10 different groups to test the hypothesis carefully. Some of the groups for example were husband’s alcohol use, wife’s history of violence and wife hostility.

Ethical Issues- They were no issues that needed to be worked out except for the fact that there needed to be more of a variety of couples from previous data to have a more accurate answer for this survey.

3a. My submitted discussion response:

The study in this article is meant to understand the social interaction and marital aggression that exist among young couples regarding gender identity, history of family violence, alcohol consumption, hostility and many other variables (Leonard, 1996). Research done over the past 20 years has shown that marital aggression and conflict among young couples is one of the social problems that is evident in the modern society.

Title

Prospective Prediction of Husband Marital Aggression within Newlywed Couples

Research Design

The article aims to study prevalence of aggression, especially for newly married couples. Data is drawn from interviews that are done on newly married couples who indicated that they were in the first marriage, and they were between age 18 and 29(Leonard,1996).541 couples participated in the interview where they completed a premarital assessment and gave a view of their first anniversary

Sampling Technique

The couples that were used in this study were approached at the city courthouse where they were applying for a marriage license, and they were paid to participate in the interview.

Threats to validity

Internal threats to validity are shown by the fact that this couples should have been paid the chance of getting invalid data because the participants may be after money not to give an accurate account of their marriage. There are also those who dropped out during the study, affecting the accuracy of research.

The external threat to validity in the article is shown when the sample that is used in the article has a high chance of biased as it only attempts those couples that had visited the courthouse for a marriage license (Leonard, 1996).The basis for selecting the sample are inadequate and should have been based on a general selection method. Results in the article may have failed to represent the characteristic of the whole population.

Measurement

There seem to be no validity problems in operating the variables. Ten variables were used for the study which is a bit extensive where the reliability of the scale and inter-correlations among the scale of one and six were represented.

Ethical Issue

The fact that the variable scales were based on first-hand data may have ethical concerns by interfering with personal privacy data of the couples(Leonard,1996).This could be resolved by using previously collected data.

Reference

Leonard, K. E. & Senchak, M. (1996). Prospective prediction of husband marital aggression within newlywed couples. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105, 369-380.

http://www.thecampuscommon.com/library/ezproxy/ticketdemocs.asp?sch=auo&turl=http://search.proquest.com/docview/214092889

3b. The instructor’s question:

Thanks for sharing here, and I was just wondering if you might elaborate a bit further on the measurements used... Any thoughts on other techniques that could be applied in future research in this area?  Note that increasing the diversity of measurement techniques is  one of the best ways to increase construct validity---often considered to be the most important or essential type.....