Discussion

In the first part of this module, we studied two Eastern religions, Hinduism and Buddhism. At their heart, these two religions are consequentialist, or ends-driven. The “right” ethical principle has the ability to advance one toward the ultimate goal or end.  How and when one achieves the Ultimate Reality or Nirvana (the end or consequence of the faith) is through one’s own effort following a series of reincarnations. Thus, the individual determines his/her ethical principles to find the path to successfully reach the end of joining with the cosmos.

In monotheism (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the “right” ethical principle is determined by God. Humans are his creation and bound to follow these principles out of a sense of duty, love, and honor to him. This non-consequentialist approach is independent of the consequence of the action. In Judaism and Islam, conforming to these laws or duties earns heaven and eternity with God. In Christianity, heaven and an eternal relationship with God is achieved through God’s grace and belief in his Son, Jesus Christ.

Discussion Question: It is common to hear that it does not matter what one believes, all paths lead to the same place. In view of our study of the five major religions of the world, answer the following questions:

1. Is it true that all religions lead to the same place? Why or why not? Explain your answer using a reference from the lectures or other readings from this week.

2. Can consequentialist (ends-driven) ethics and non-consequentialist (duty-driven) ethics produce the same results? Why or why not? What is the determining factor.