In dealing with data in bivariate tables, it is sometimes not clear which is the independent variable and which is the

In dealing with data in bivariate tables, it is sometimes not clear which is the independent variable and which is the dependent variable. How do researchers determine which variables are independent and dependent? How does this relate to how we interpret measures of association for bivariate tables?

—--------------------

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using Chi-square analysis over other types of data analysis techniques we have used thus far?