"a cruel, crazy, mad, hopeless panic possesed them... the heat was awful... the men were exausted-their mouths gasped, their lips...

"a cruel, crazy, mad, hopeless panic possesed them... the heat was awful... the men were exausted-their mouths gasped, their lips cracked and blackened with the powder of the cartridges they had bitten off in the battle, their eyes staring in frenzy."

-Representative albert riddle, observing the first battle of the bull run

This excerpt describes _____ at the First Battle of Bull Run.

a)terrified observers of the battle

b)couragous confederate soldiers

c)retreating union soldiers

d)civilians fleeing to Washington, D.C.