Cell Structure and Function Cell Types and Transport Lab

Cell Structure and Function:Cell Types and

Transport

MargaretVorndam, M.S.Version 42-0037-00-01

LABREPORTASSISTANT                                                                                

Thisdocumentisnotmeanttobeasubstituteforaformallaboratoryreport.TheLabReport Assistantissimplyasummaryoftheexperiment’squestions,diagramsifneeded,anddatatables thatshouldbeaddressedinaformallabreport.Theintentistofacilitatestudents’writingoflabreports by providing this informationin an editable filewhichcan be sent to an instructor.

OBSERVATIONS                                                           

1

Exercise1:ProkaryotesandEukaryotes-Differences in Cell Structure and Function

RESULTS                                                                                                                          

1.   What differencesare observed between the two cells that were drawn?

2.   List the specificcell part that each cell type possesses to:

QUESTIONS                                                                                                            

A.  With which cell type, prokaryote or eukaryote, are you most familiar?

B.   Which cell type would be most successful in extreme environments? Why?

C.   BecausetheProkaryotebacteriaaregenerally3µmorlessinlengththeymaynotexhibit specificstructuresunderacompoundlightmicroscope.Whattypeofmicroscopewouldbea betterchoice for viewing bacteria?

D. Researchamoebasonlineandgiveafewexamplesincludingwheretheyarefoundandwhat energy source they use.

E.  Discusswhethercyanobacteriaandamoebasarebeneficialordetrimentaltohumansandto the environment in general.

Exercise  2:  Eukaryotes  – Plant  and  Animal  Cell

Structure and Function

RESULTS                                                                                                                    

1.   What differencesare observed between the two cells that were drawn?

2.   List the cell part that each cell type possesses to:

QUESTIONS                                                                                                                          

A.  With which cell type, plant or animal, are you most familiar?

B.   Which cell type would be most successful in extreme environments? Why?

C.  OutlinethegeneraldifferencesbetweenplantandanimalcellsinTable1.Thenoutlinethe similarities.

Table1: ComparisonofStructure andFunction:AnimalandPlantCells

Exercise  3:  Transport  of Materials  through  Cell

Membranes – An Example of PassiveTransport

QUESTIONS                                                                                                             

A.  Which mediumexhibited the fastestrate of diffusion?

B.   What might be reasons to explain the differencesin the rate of diffusion?

C.   Graphthe twosets ofresultsfrom Table2 onthe same graphusinga computer spreadsheet programandincludethisgraphinyourreport.Whyissimultaneousgraphingoftheresultsuseful here?Whattypeofgraphwouldbestdemonstrateratesofdiffusioningelatinversusliquid?Hint: The graph should show a continuityfrom Toto T1for both mediums.

DISCUSSION                                                                                                           

A.  Were your twohypotheses supported orrefuted?

B.   How might the rate of diffusionbe increased? Decreased?

C.   How might this be tested?

D.  Why is this exercise be an example of passive transport?

E.  Whymustthespreadofthecoloringinthegelatinbemonitored?Forexample,whycan’tit just be leftfor 10 hours before the measurement is taken?

F.    Whatwouldbeagraphicmethodtodetectwhentherateofdiffusioninthegelatinwasat maximum and was beginning to slow?

G. Constructatablethatcomparesyourresultstotheaverageofyourclassmates’results,ifavailable. Indicate how many classmates’ results arerepresented in the average (N=?). Include it in your report. Are results similar? If not, what might explain the differencesin outcomes?

Exercise  4:  Transport  of Materials  through  Cell

Membranes – An Example of ActiveTransport

QUESTIONS                                                                                                             

A. What are thetest substances?

B.   Why did a color change occur in the jar water? What does the color change indicate?

C.   Why did a color change occur in the dialysis bag? What does the color change indicate?

D.  What does the Benedict’s reagent test detect? What does the test of the jar water indicate? E.   What DID NOT diffuseacross the dialysis bag membrane? Why?

DISCUSSION                                                                                                                           

A.  Was your hypothesis supported or refuted?

B.   How might the dialysis membrane tubing be similar to a plasma membrane?

C.   What type of transport mechanism does this exercise simulate?

D.  What can be concluded from this exercise?

LABORATORYSUMMARY                                                                                                                          

What have you learned from doing this laboratory?