BUS 520 Final Exam

1. __________ occurs when an individual feels his self-worth is being questioned.

2. Because communication is frequently biased when flowing upward, subordinates may __________.

3. Because of their efficiency, __________ are frequently used in work settings.

4. The difficulties with cross-cultural communication are perhaps most obvious with respect to __________.

5. __________ is often accompanied by an unwillingness to try to understand alternative points of view.

6. Which strategy for exercising relational influence can be described as “using the exchange of benefits as a basis for negotiation?”

7. Which one of the following strategies for exercising relational influence can be defined as “using a direct and forceful personal approach?”

8. Milgram designed experiments to determine the extent to which people __________.

9. A manager who withholds positive outcomes, such as special assignments or bonuses, as a means for controlling the behavior of employees is using which type of power?

10. In the context of political action and subunit power, __________ linkages involve organizational units that have the right to evaluate the actions of others after action has been taken.

11. The __________ assumes that leadership is central to performance and other outcomes.

12. When using the leadership grid, results are plotted on a nine-position grid that places concern for __________ on the vertical axis and concern for __________ on the horizontal axis.

13. The __________ to studying leadership sought to identify important differences between leaders and non-leaders.

14. Leader traits and behaviors can act in conjunction with __________ to predict leader or organizational outcomes.

15. Which of the following leadership theories has it roots in the expectancy model of motivation?

16. Context 4, __________, is a transition zone poised between order and chaos. Here, the system must rapidly adjust while maintaining sufficient stability to learn.

17. __________ is often viewed as something that must be overcome in order for change to be successful.

18. __________ is often used in combination with vertical leadership.

19. People respond to a(n) __________ change strategy mainly out of the fear of being punished if they do not comply with a change directive or out of the desire to gain a reward if they do.

20. __________ is a direct response to someone’s perception of a performance gap –– a discrepancy between the desired and actual state of affairs.

21. Organizational __________ often specify/ies when various types of actions are appropriate and where individual members stand in the social system.

22. Often, the language of a subculture, and its rituals and rites, emerge from the group as a form of __________.

23. In a business setting, a firm’s system of shared actions, values, and beliefs that develops within the company and guides the behavior of its members is called its __________.

24. Which step in the innovation process focuses on creating an idea through spontaneous creativity, ingenuity, and information processing?

25. “What precisely needs to be accomplished, and how can it be done?” is a cultural question pertaining to the survival issue of __________.