A+ Answers of the following Questions

1. During the middle of the twentieth century, North American psychology was dominated
by
A. evolutionary theory.
B. cognitive development.

C. neuroscience.

D. behaviorism.

2. What is a major limitation of the psychophysiological method?
A. Investigators can’t be sure that an infant or child has processed a stimulus in a 
certain way.
B. Most physiological procedures can’t be used on infants and children.
C. Most physiological procedures require injection of a radioactive substance.
D. The nervous system isn’t sensitive to changes in psychological states. 

3. British philosopher John Locke viewed the child as
A. tainted by original sin.
B. a tabula rasa.

C. a noble savage.

D. an active, purposeful being. 

Question 1 
Which of the following statements is not accurate?
a) In a business context, Aristotle’s Doctrine of the Mean would indicate that a corporation should be only concerned with legal profit maximization and not be interested in social responsibility activities.
b) Aristotle’s Ethics of Virtue is concerned primarily with the inculcation and development of virtuous traits and the cultivation or moral character as opposed to rationally establishing ethical principles and moral rules.
c) A major problem with Aristotle’s Ethics of Virtue is that it does not focus on the quality of actions and thus it cannot be used to determine if an action is morally right or wrong.
d) A true psychological egoist cannot acknowledge the existence of a purely altruistic act.

Question 2 
Which of the following is a correct statement?
a) Plato likely would object to the hierarchy of authority found today in the typical business corporation.
b) For Aristotle, the highest good is the fulfillment of the physical senses, though he counsels moderation in seeking pleasures.
c) Aristotle maintains in the Doctrine of the Mean that the virtuous or moral choice is a rationally determined mean between two extremes of deficiency or excess.
d) An intelligent

Question 3 
Which of the following is the most accurate statement?
a) Immanuel Kant would support the Golden Rule of religion (“Do unto others as you would have them do unto you”).
b) Ethical relativism has been widely adopted as an ethical theory because of its universal moral norms and strict guidelines.
c) A corporation that moves jobs overseas to take advantage of lower pay scales is usually adhering to a broad stakeholder theory of social responsibility.
d) Social audits are now the legally mandated norm in the corporate world.

1. A criticism of the information-processing approach is that it
A. doesn’t form a comprehensive theory.
B. lacks scientific research.
C. focuses on creativity and imagination, while ignoring other mental processes. 
D. views children as blank slates. 

2. One way to test for the validity of research methods is to 
A. compare children’s answers to different halves of the same test. 
B. test for inter-rater reliability.
C. compare children’s answers on different forms of the same measure.
D. see how effective the measure is in predicting behavior it would reasonably expect to predict.

3. Which of the following statements about the field of child development is correct?
A. It’s devoted to understanding human constancy and change over the lifespan.

B. It’s part of a larger, interdisciplinary field known as developmental science. 
C. It focuses primarily on children’s cognitive and social development. 
D. It studies infants’ perceptions of the world.

1. In field experiments, researchers
A. formulate conclusions based on extensive field notes.
B. use treatment conditions that already exist naturally.
C. avoid confounding variables by exposing the same participants to all treatments.
D. randomly assign participants to treatment conditions in natural settings. Examination, Lesson 1 29

2. In ecological systems theory, development is
A. primarily influenced by the social transmission of knowledge.
B. a result of successful imprinting during the early critical period.
C. controlled by both environmental circumstances and inner dispositions.
D. neither controlled by environmental circumstances nor inner dispositions.

3. A correlation coefficient can range in value from
A. +1.00 to –1.00.
B. –1.00 to 0.

C. 0 to +1.00.

D. –100 to +100.

1. In a study examining preschoolers’ responses to their peers’ distress, researchers used _______ to record each instance in which a child cried, followed by other children’s reactions. 
A. time sampling
B. systematic collection
C. event sampling
D. structured observation

2. According to Erikson, children learn how to cooperate with others during the _______ stage.
A. basic trust versus mistrust
B. autonomy versus shame and doubt
C. initiative versus guilt
D. industry versus inferiority

3. Dr. Muse, a sociocultural theorist, speculates that children’s ability to reminisce about the past can be promoted through adult teaching. This is an example of a
A. theory.
B. research question.

C. hypothesis.

D. research method.