A+ Answers of the following Questions

1.  Question :  Rewarding appropriate behavior in the classroom was effective  _______of the time, according to Tulley and Chiu. 
29%   
92%
78% 
87% 
 
 2.  Question :  Punishment will likely cause side effects when:
it is applied consistently and fairly. 
it is short-term or long-term with an explanation. 
it is applied inconsistently with random intensity. 
it is paired with a secondary reinforcer. 
 
 3.  Question :  The term “punishment” is defined as a(n):
reduction of the probability of a response resulting from an aversive consequence. 
increase in the probability of a response resulting from an aversive consequence. 
reduction of the probability of a response resulting from an aversive reaction. 
increase in the probability of a response resulting from an aversive reaction. 

1.  Question :  The determining factors for effectiveness of punishment are: 
intensity, delay, schedule, stimulus control, and verbal explanation. 
intensity, ratio, schedule, stimulus control, and verbal explanation. 
intensity, delay, schedule, stimulus control, and written explanation. 
Intensity, reward value, schedule, stimulus control, and written explanation. 
 

2.  Question :  Skinner determined through his research with rats, food, and paw slaps that punishment:
was an effective means for permanently changing behavior. 
was an ineffective means for temporarily changing behavior. 
was an alternative means to permanently changing behavior. 
was an ineffective means for permanently changing behavior. 
 

3.  Question :  The difference between positive and negative punishment is: 
the suppression of a response is due to the presentation of a stimulus; in negative punishment, to its removal. 
the suppression of a response is due to the lack of a stimulus; in negative punishment, to its removal. 
the increase in a response is due to the presentation of a stimulus; in negative punishment, to its removal. 
the suppression of a response is due to the presentation of a stimulus; in negative punishment, to its addition. 

1.  Question :  When the intensity of the punishment is increased, the response rate of rats:
 decreased and was finally suppressed. 
increased and was never suppressed. 
increased but was finally suppressed. 
decreased but was never suppressed. 

 
2.  Question :  Skinner found that punishment produces:
no effect.     
only a temporary effect. 
enduring but incomplete suppression. 
permanent suppression. 
 

 3.  Question :  In the study by Solomon, Turner, and Lessac (1968), dogs punished immediately for eating their preferred food later resisted the temptation to eat for:
one minute  
ten minutes  
one day     
  two weeks 

1.  Question :  In studies with varied populations, research indicated that inappropriate behaviours on a spectrum of levels decreased significantly when: 
punishment was consistent and immediate. 
punishment was varied and immediate. 
punishment was consistent and delayed. 
punishment was varied and delayed. 

2.  Question :  When the intensity of the punishment is increased, the response rate of rats:
 decreased and was finally suppressed. 
increased and was never suppressed. 
increased but was finally suppressed. 
decreased but was never suppressed. 

3.  Question :  Punishment will likely cause side effects when:
it is applied consistently and fairly. 
it is short-term or long-term with an explanation. 
it is applied inconsistently with random intensity. 
it is paired with a secondary reinforcer. 

1.  Question :  Shiffrin and Schneider (1977) introduced a distinction between:
procedural and declarative memories.
top-down and bottom-up processing.
controlled and automatic processing.
S-R habits and expectations.

2.  Question :  The main difference between behaviorism and neo behaviorism is that neo behaviorism:
accepts the existence of the mind.
allows the use of introspective evidence.
allows the postulation of unobservable events at a theoretical level.
repudiates the central role of associations.

3.  Question :  What is one thing that both Hull and Tolman’s theories of behavior have in common?
Ambiguity
Convergence
Disruption
Guaranteed results