answer 19 economics questions about Land and Resource Economics(few sentences for each question)

Chapter 14

2.

Midterm II Page 1

1. Given two sources of air pollution, what is the cost effective means of controlling

pollution? How is this different from the efficient level of pollution?

Compare and contrast the three means of controlling pollution; 1) command and control

(CAC), 2) emissions charges, and 3) cap and trade. Which of these are efficient (and

why)? Which of these are cost effective (and why)?

Chapter 15

4. What are some of the sources of inefficiency in the command and control approach taken

by the EPA?

5. What is the difference between conventional and regional pollutants? Do regional

pollutants pose any additional challenges to the three types of regulation discussed?

Econ 132 Fall 2013 Dr. McLaren

Chapter 16

6. What is the IPCC and what were the primary findings of it’s 2007 report?

8. Discuss the “issue linkage” strategy.

Chapter 18

Midterm II Page 2

7. Describe the strategies for addressing climate change that are implemented by the Kyoto

protocol. What are some of the drawbacks of these provisions?

9. Your book claims that there are implicit subsidies for driving a car, as well as externalities

that are not internalized, that cause the price of driving to be artificially low. List and

describe these.

10. Why does the auto industry prefer uniform (national) standards for automobile emissions

as opposed to regionally varying standards? Are uniform standards beneficial to

everyone?

11. Were the standards set by the Clean Air Act amendment of 1970 appropriate? If not how

were the issues resolved?

12. In addition to the emissions control strategies discussed above, what other options did

we discuss for reducing miles driven?

Chapter 19

13. Describe the difference between the theories of strict liability and of negligence. If waste

from of a hazardous material disposal site eneded up in the ground water, even after the

operator had taken all necessary precautions to prevent it, would the operator be liable

Econ 132 Fall 2013 Midterm II Dr. McLaren Page 3

for damages? If so, under which of the above theories would he be liable.

14. Consider a child who develops cancer after chewing on a toy that was found to contain

small amounts of a carcinogen. Under which theory from Question 14 (if either) could the

manufacturer be found liable. What would be the difficulties be in proving the case

against the manufacturer?

15. How might the marketplace mitigate the risk to employees working in a hazardous

environment. Under what circumstances might such mitigation not work? Do such

mitigations relieve the employer from potential liability?

16. From an economic standpoint, why might low income neighborhoods be attractive

locations for hazardous waste storage sites?

Chapter 20

18. What is a pollution haven? Have empirical studies confirmed the existence of these?

17. Describe the difference between efficiency and sustainability when it comes to

development? When might they be (or not be) compatible?

19. What is the Human Development Indicator (HDI)? Why is it a better indicator of