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Financial Ratios

1. Liquidity ratios. Edison, Stagg, and Thornton have the following financial information at the close of business on July 10:

	Edison		Stagg		Thornton
Cash	$6,000	$5,000		$4,000
Short-term investments	3,000	2,500		2,000
Accounts receivable	2,000	2,500		3,000
Inventory	1,000	2,500		4,000
Prepaid expenses	800	800		800
Accounts payable	200	200		200
Notes payable: short-term	3,100	3,100		3,100
Accrued payables	300	300		300
Long-term liabilities	3,800	3,800		3,800

a. Compute the current and quick ratios for each of the three companies. (Round calculations to two decimal places.) Which firm is the most liquid? Why?

2. Computation and evaluation of activity ratios. The following data relate to Alaska Products, Inc:

	20X5		20X4
Net credit sales	$832,000	$760,000
Cost of goods sold	530,000	400,000
Cash, Dec. 31	125,000	110,000
Average Accounts receivable	205,000	156,000
Average Inventory	70,000	50,000
Accounts payable, Dec. 31	115,000	108,000
Instructions a. Compute the accounts receivable and inventory turnover ratios for 20X5. Alaska rounds all calculations to two decimal places.

3. Profitability ratios, trading on the equity. Digital Relay has both preferred and common stock outstanding. The company reported the following information for 20X7:


Net sales	$1,750,000
Interest expense	120,000
Income tax expense	80,000
Preferred dividends	25,000
Net income	130,000
Average assets	1,200,000
Average common stockholders' equity	500,000

a. Compute the profit margin on sales ratio, the return on equity and the return on assets, rounding calculations to two decimal places.

b. Does the firm have positive or negative financial leverage? Briefly explain.

4. Horizontal analysis. Mary Lynn Corporation has been operating for several years. Selected data from the 20X1 and 20X2 financial statements follow.

20X2		20X1
Current Assets	$86,000		$80,000
Property, Plant, and Equipment (net)	99,000		90,000
Intangibles	25,000		50,000
Current Liabilities	40,800		48,000
Long-Term Liabilities	153,000		160,000
Stockholders’ Equity	16,200		12,000
Net Sales	500,000		500,000
Cost of Goods Sold	322,500		350,000
Operating Expenses	93,500		85,000

a. Prepare a horizontal analysis for 20X1 and 20X2. Briefly comment on the results of your work.

5.Vertical analysis. Mary Lynn Corporation has been operating for several years. Selected data from the 20X1 and 20X2 financial statements follow.

20X2		20X1
Current Assets	$86,000		$80,000
Property, Plant, and Equipment (net)	99,000		80,000
Intangibles	25,000		50,000
Current Liabilities	40,800		48,000
Long-Term Liabilities	153,000		150,000
Stockholders’ Equity	16,200		12,000
Net Sales	500,000		500,000
Cost of Goods Sold	322,500		350,000
Operating Expenses	93,500		85,000

a. Prepare a vertical analysis for 20X1 and 20X2. Briefly comment on the results of your work.

6. Ratio computation. The financial statements of the Lone Pine Company follow.

LONE PINE COMPANY
Comparative Balance Sheets
December 31, 20X2 and 20X1 ($000 Omitted)
20X2				20X1
Assets
Current Assets
Cash and Short-Term Investments	$400				$600
Accounts Receivable (net)	3,000				2,400
Inventories	3,000				2,300
Total Current Assets	$6,400				$5,300
Property, Plant, and Equipment
Land	$1,700				$500
Buildings and Equipment (net)	1,500				1,000
Total Property, Plant, and Equipment	$3,200				$1,500
Total Assets	$9,600				$6,800
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable	$2,800				$1,700
Notes Payable	1,100				1,900
Total Current Liabilities	$3,900				$3,600
Long-Term Liabilities
Bonds Payable	4,100				2,100
Total Liabilities	$8,000				$5,700
Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock			$200		$200
Retained Earnings			1,400		900
Total Stockholders’ Equity			$1,600		$1,100
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity			$9,600		$6,800


LONE PINE COMPANY
Statement of Income and Retained Earnings
For the Year Ending December 31,20X2 ($000 Omitted)
Net Sales*				$36,000
Less: Cost of Goods Sold		$20,000
Selling Expense		6,000
Administrative Expense		4,000
Interest Expense		400
Income Tax Expense		2,000		32,400
Net Income				$3,600
Retained Earnings, Jan. 1				900
Ending Retained Earnings				$4,500
Cash Dividends Declared and Paid				3,100
Retained Earnings, Dec. 31				$1,400
*All sales are on account.