$4 per question need done ASAP, SOC205 Law, Sociaty, and Government

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four thousand

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two thousand

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a few hundred

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fifty

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Because Supreme Court justices receive so many petitions for review each year, they must look for readily identifiable characteristics that trigger a positive response as they decide whether to grant certiorari.

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Justices want to influence the judgments of their colleagues and to be on the winning side as often as possible.

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Justices view cases primarily in terms of the broad political and socioeconomic issues they raise and they generally respond to these issues in accordance with their personal values and attitudes.

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A good deal of interaction takes place among the justices from the time a case is first discussed in conference to the moment the final decision is rendered.

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Chisholm v. Georgia (dealing with suits against a state in federal court).

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Scott v. Sanford (dealing with the legality of slavery).

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Pollock v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Co. (pertaining to the constitutionality of the income tax).

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Oregon v. Mitchell (pertaining to the right to vote on the basis of age).

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most junior justice on the Supreme Court

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chief justice of the United States

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oldest justice on the Supreme Court

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most senior justice in the majority

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defiance

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avoiding having to apply the policy by declaring a portion of the higher court decision to be dicta

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applying the policy as narrowly as possible

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ruling that a precedent is not controlling because of factual differences between the higher court case and the one before the lower court

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At times, the executive branch may be called on directly to implement a judicial decision.

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The appointment power gives the president an opportunity to influence federal judicial policies.

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A president, simply by his words and actions, may encourage support for, or resistance to, a new judicial policy.

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The U.S attorneys are in a position to influence judicial policymaking, because they determine which of the cases involving the federal government as a party will be appealed to the Supreme Court.

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When a court interprets a federal statute in a way that differs from what a majority in Congress intended, there is nothing Congress can do.

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A constitutional interpretation of the U.S. Supreme Court can be overturned by an amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

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Bills may be introduced in Congress to limit or remove the federal courts' jurisdiction in certain types of cases.

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Federal judges may be impeached and removed from office by Congress.

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Policies established by collegial courts are often ambiguous because the majority opinion is written to accommodate several judges.

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One way lower court judges become aware of upper-court decisions is to hear of them from lawyers presenting cases in the lower courts.