i need someone who can assist me to my homewok
Family Life Cycle
*
What is a life cycle?
- A life cycle is a series of stages families go through as the structure of the family changes.
- However, not every family follows the life cycle in order or description because each family is unique.
*
What is a life cycle?
- This model holds that families seek therapy when stage-specific family or individual tasks get derailed; progress to the next stage is blocked.
- Derailment may be caused by predictable, normative, individual and family developmental stages or may be caused by unpredictable life events.
*
GENOGRAMS:
MAPPING
FAMILY SYSTEMS
The GENOGRAM is a practical framework for understanding family patterns.
- Genograms record information about family members and their relationships over at least three generations.
- The physical, social, and emotional functioning of family members is profoundly interdependent, with changes in one part of the system reverberating in other parts.
- Family interactions and relationships tend to be highly reciprocal, patterned, and repetitive.
- These patterns allow us to make tentative predictions from the genograms.
GENOGRAMS:
MAPPING
FAMILY SYSTEMS
*
- Families repeat themselves.
- For the individual, the vertical axis includes biological heritage and programmed behaviors, such as temperament.
- The horizontal axis relates to the individual’s development over a lifespan (relationships, migration, health and illness, success, traumatic experiences).
- At the family level, the vertical axis includes the family history and the patterns of relating and functioning that are transmitted down the generations, primarily through the mechanism of emotional triangling.
- There are many relationship patterns in families.
- Particular interest: patterns of relational distance
Genograms
*
Genogram Symbols
*
Genogram (Freud’s Family)
*
Princess Diana’s Family
*
Differentiation of Self
*
- Undifferentiated people react emotionally – positively or negatively – to others.
- Undifferentiated people have limited autonomous identity.
- Differentiated people are able to take principled stands.
- Differentiated people are able to develop intimacy without become reflexively shaped by others.
- The process of differentiation promotes personal responsibility.
Undifferentiated people experience difficulty managing anxiety and stress.
Lack of Differentiation X Anxiety = Fusion Between Spouses.
Emotional fusion is unstable. It tends to produce:
- overt marital conflict;
- reactive emotional distance;
- physical or emotional symptoms (usually the more accommodating partner);
- projection of problems on to children.
*
Therapy
*
- Change occurs as one learns about the larger family
- Typically work with couples or individuals
- In individuals, the goal is differentiation of self
- 1) knowledge of how family systems function;
- 2) strong motivation to change
FROM CLASSICAL AUTHOR
*
- “The family firm is a sacred, social society, in which each member is to act a part, each helping the other. The work of the household is to move smoothly, like the different parts of well-regulated machinery”.
- Ellen G. White AH 179.4
- “Every member of the family should realize that a responsibility rests upon him/her individually to do his/her part in adding to the comfort, order, and regularity of the family. One should not work against another...” Ellen G. White AH 179.5
Life Cycle
- Understanding the stages in the lifecycle of a family can help prepare parents and other family members for the challenges and demands each stage brings.
*
*
Death of a spouse
Family Life Cycle
Youthful Marriage
(Ages 20-40)
Middle-Aged
Marriage
(Ages 40-60)
Aging Marriage
(Ages 60 )
Wedding
Birth of first
child
Oldest child begins
adolescence
Last child leaves
home
Retire from career
Retirement Stage
Empty Nest
Stage
Later Parenthood
Stage
Early Parenthood
Stage
Newly Married
Stage
*
*
Newly Married
Roles:
Tasks:
Husband
Wife
- may share many responsibilities
- may both be wage-earners
- Develop patterns for interacting with each other
- Learn to solve problems & resolve differences
together
- Set goals, plan for future
*
Newly Married
- What challenges face the beginning family as they prepare for the parenting process?
- What roles may be assumed by the family members in this stage?
*
Newly Married Derailments
- The single young adult must separate from her/his family of origin without cutting off or fleeing.
- Derailment occurs when families don’t let go of their adult children or the adult children remain dependent or rebel
*
New Married Derailments
- The task of this stage is to form a new family system separate and distinct from the couple’s families of origin.
- Derailment consists of enmeshment (failure to separate from a family of origin) or distancing (failure to stay connected).
- Couples may experience interpersonal difficulties in intimacy and commitment.
*
*
Roles:
Tasks:
- Roles may change: double wage-earner single
(one parent home with child)
- Caring for young children
- Providing increased income for extended family
budget
- Need for more flexible roles as issues arise
Early Parenthood
Husband / Father
Wife / Mother
Child
- pregnancy & birth of first
child
- continues through toddler,
preschool & elementary
years
*
Early Parenthood:
- What challenges face the expanding family as they begin the parenting process?
- How will roles change in the family when the first child is born?
*
Early Parenthood Derailments
- In early parenthood stage, the new family is tasked with becoming caretakers to the next generation
- Derailment at this stage involves couple, and parenting issues. Maintaining appropriate boundaries with both sets of grand parents may become an issue.
- Couples must work out a division of labor, a method of making decisions, and must balance work with family obligations and leisure pursuits.
*
*
Later Parenthood
Roles:
Tasks:
Husband / Father
Wife / Mother
Child
Teen
Young adult
- children reach
adolescence
- oldest may move out
on his or her own
- Parents begin to let go of some responsibilities
- Teens begin to gain responsibilities
- Open communication between ALL family
members is essential
*
Later Parenthood?
- This stage holds many challenges for families.
- What are some of them?
*
Family Life Cycle Assessment
Later Parenthood Derailments
- In this stage, families must establish different boundaries for adolescents than for younger children.
- Derailment at this stage is related to adolescent exploration, friendships, substance use, sexual activity and school
- Parents may face a mid-life crisis
*
*
Areas for Potential Conflict
in Later Parenting Stage:
- Teen’s dating habits
- Freedoms & responsibilities
- Future plans & goals
- Performance in school
*
*
Empty Nest
Roles:
Tasks:
- last child is independent and
living on his or her own
- Parental roles change drastically
- Children become independent—some marry
& begin their own family life cycle
- Parents may become involved in grandparenting
- Parents often find new hobbies/interests
- Couples renew husband/wife relationship
- Roles may reverse for older generation
(taking care of their own parents)
Husband / Father
Wife / Mother
*
Empty Nest?
- What challenges would face parents in the empty nest stage?
- How do roles change for family members in this stage of the cycle?
*
Family Life Cycle Assessment
Empty Nest Derailments
- The primary task of the empty nest stage is to adapt to the numerous exits and entries to the family system.
- Derailment occurs when families hold on to the last child or parents become depressed at the empty nest.
- Derailment can occur when parents decide to divorce or adult children return home.
*
*
Retirement
Roles:
Tasks:
Husband
Wife
- after one or both retire from career
- May develop new interests/hobbies
- Many have planned ahead financially for
this stage
- Focus returns to oneself & relationship with
each other
- Self-esteem may decline due to lack of “purpose”
- Health and financial problems can arise
- Role reversal can occur
children acquire “parental” role
*
Retirement?
- What challenges would face parents in the retirement?
- How do roles change for family members in this stage of the cycle?
*
Family Life Cycle Assessment
Retirement Derailments
- The primary task of retirement stage is adjustment to aging.
- Derailment consists of difficulties with retirement, financial insecurity, declining health and illness, dependence on one’s adult children, the loss of a spouse or other family members and friends.
*
*
Death of a Spouse
Triggers the end of the Family Life Cycle
Adjustments: financial self-esteem
health time
emotional priorities
Involvement is important:
family
friends
hobbies
special groups
acquiring pets
church
*
Family Life Cycle
Predictable and Unpredictable Crises
- All individuals and all families go through predictable, normative developmental crises.
- In addition, individuals and families experience unpredictable crises e.g. job loss, illness, accidental injury and even death.
- Disruption in a family life cycle stage can interfere with individual development ; similarly disruption in an individual’s life cycle stage can interfere with a family’s life cycle development.
*
Family Life Cycle Therapy Therapeutic Process
- Therapy is perceived as helping families get back on the developmental life cycle track after being stuck or derailed at a particular stage.
- The therapeutic goal is progress from one developmental stage to another.
- Often a clinician works with a dyad (parent/child; parent/adolescent) to help the dyad recognize (insight) and solve the derailment.
*
*
Goals Throughout the Family Life Cycle
Newly Married
Adjust to married life
Work together in marital responsibilities
Develop positive relationship and conflict resolution strategies
Balance work & family
Enhance communication
*
*
Goals
Early Parenthood
Become financially, physically, socially & emotionally ready to parent
Strengthen marriage
Adjust roles to meet needs
Give care & guidance to child
Meet physical, emotional, social, intellectual needs of child
*
*
Goals
Later Parenthood
Establish husband/wife relationship beyond children
Enhance communication & conflict resolution skills
Maintain positive relationship with children/teens
Keep communication open
Strengthen marriage
*
*
Goals
Empty Nest
Make possible “career” change/adjustment
Find hobbies
Care for aging parents
Strengthen marital relationship
Manage resources – plan for retirement
*
*
Goals
Retirement
Manage health needs
Develop interests beyond work
Care for oneself physically (aging)
Remain active
Volunteer
*
*
Goals
Retirement
Manage health needs
Develop interests beyond work
Care for oneself physically (aging)
Remain active
Volunteer
*
*
Death
- LEGAL DEATH: Court says it has irreversible cessation to total brain function
- THEOLOGICAL DEATH: Occurs when soul leaves the body
- MEDICAL DEATH: Occurs when functions of human life stop
- UNRECEPTIVITY & UNRESPONSIVITY: Irreversible coma
- NO MOVEMENTS OR BREATHING: No muscle movement or respiration for at least 1 hour
- NO REFLEXES: Pupils fixed and dilated – will not respond to bright lights
- FLAT ELECTROENCE PHALGRAM: EEG – no brain waves for a period of time
*
*
DEATH
A dying person should not be expected to behave in a certain manner, only his/her own way.
- Denial & isolation
- Anger
- Bargaining
- Depression
- Acceptance
*
*
GRIEVING PROCESS
- Guilt is common, 1st year is hard at holidays.
- Consoling: Listen, don’t avoid, give practical support.
- Needs: Death with dignity (respect as human being).
- Hospice can help.
*
*
WHAT NOT TO SAY TO THE BEREAVED
- Cheer up
- Time to heal all wounds
- Come on, you need to get over this
- We want the old “you” back
- I’ll help you get rid of their things
- They’re better off
- It was God’s will
- Call me if you need me
*
*
WHAT TO SAY TO THE BEREAVED
- It’s OK to cry
- I want you to know I’m thinking about you
- I’m sad for you
- I care about you
- I’m here if you want to talk
- “You don’t have to be strong or apologize for crying.”
Do accept them and their feelings
Let them cry when they want to
Let them talk about the dead person (They are in their thoughts often)
*
*
Possible Roles Throughout the Family Life Cycle
Husband
Wife
Mother
Father
Son
Daughter
Brother
Sister
Grandmother
Grandfather
*
*
Aspects That Affect Roles
Needs
Past Experiences
(what was done in one’s own family life cycle)
Changes (expected or unexpected)
*
*
Review
The Family Life Cycle begins at __________ and continues until ____________.
During what stage of the life cycle do parents begin to relinquish some responsibilities to children?
When defining family (according to the U.S. Census), what are the 3 ways people can be related to one another?
*
Answers:
- Marriage, Death
- Later parenthood
- Blood, marriage, adoption
*
Review
What 3 factors affect roles within the family life cycle?
List the 5 stages of the family life cycle.
*
Answers:
4. Answers may vary
5. Needs, past experiences, changes
6. Newly married, early parenthood, later parenthood, empty nest, retirement
*
The Curriculum Center for Family and Consumer Sciences. Texas Tech University. 2002. www.hs.ttu.edu/ccfs
Gladding S. T., Family Therapy, History, Theory and Practice, 5th edition (2011)
Loyola Marymount University. Sociology Department. Family Life Cycle Links. 2002. clawww.lmu.edu/sociology/ Soclinks /URLS/famlinx.html
McGoldrick, M., Gerson, R., Petry, S., Genograms, Assessment and Intervention, 3rd edition (2008)
Parents Place. 2002. www.ParentsPlace.com
© MMIII, MMIV
CEV Multimedia, Ltd.
Acknowledgements
Production Coordinators:
Treena Aston
Allison Mangold
Production Manager:
Geoff Scott
Executive Producer:
G.W. Davis
*