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Introduction

Crime is an action or omission which is represented as an offence and is punishable by the constitution.

Crimes against person:

It is a category of crime that consist of offences that involve causing or attempting to cause bodily harm or a threat of bodily harm, these actions are taken without taking consent of the victim. These crimes do not result in real harm but the victim is just put in fear for their safety is sufficient.

Crimes against Property:

This category of crime involves robbery, vandalism, motor vehicle theft and snatching. It does not include a threat of force or use of force against the victim(Elliott, 2009). It involves the crimes in which the property is destroyed or is stolen from the victim.

White-collar crimes:

It is the category of crime that refers to the financially triggered nonviolent crimes committed by the government and business professionals and by the person of respectability and high social status in the course of their Nobel occupation.

Treatment of Each Type of Crime by Council

I. A person convicted of assault may face up to six month in jail and fine. Battery is an unlawful act of violence against another person and result in up to six months of jail and a fine, and if it is committed against an acting officer, the criminal may face four year of prison with additional fine(Blumstein, Cohen, & Farrington, 2003).

II. The punishment to the crime against property is simply the return of property to the victim, along with imprison of a few months with an additional fine. If the property is being destroyed by the criminal like in case of burning the whole house or building, the criminal will face heavy charges and will be jailed.

III. The criminal penalties for white collar crimes  are variable. Most of the laws empower a financial charge, a prison sentence or a combination of both. The criminal laws entitle maximum penalties, which are often severe (Barlow & Kauzlarich, 2014). Most defendants receive less than the maximum sentence. Courts often follow sentencing guidelines, which may change depending on the jurisdiction.

Misdemeanor vs. Felony

Misdemeanor is a lesser criminal act and is generally punished less severely than felonies. In USA, the federal government generally considers a crime punishable with confinement for one year or less to be a misdemeanor. All other crimes are considered felonies. Many states also employ this difference.

A misdemeanor is considered a crime of low gravity, and a felony is of high gravity. A foundation of the rationale for the degree of punishment dealt out is that the punishment should compensate the crime. One basic measurement is the degree to which a crime influences people or society.

How the media does depict different types of Criminals?

In modern American, stories about police, corrections and courts are common in daily news, as well as in national news in some conditions. National criminal justice stories mostly stress on negative events such as unwarranted police use of force or breakouts from prisons. Research shows that the common media are most attentive towards the stories about policing; thus, they are far more common than are stories about corrections and courts (Blumstein, et al., 2003).

Because of close link between the media and the police, Media organizations have settled close contacts with the police, including police beat journalist. The police also use public links to bring forward their best image to the media. Mostly, media images of police are largely positive in USA, yet negative images of police exist in the media. Such images often revolve around stories of police corruption and brutality.

Media coverage of courts and corrections is not so common, and most of the very important issues in corrections and courts are neglected by the media. The media tend to use certain frames to package criminal justice stories. The most common narratives revolve around notions of failing criminal justice proceedings. Ironically, these stories often direct to a call for more criminal justice.

Theoretical Applications of Crimes

Different theories have been presented to explain why people commit different crimes. Some of the theories are listed below (Taylor, Walton, & Young, 2013):

A. Classical and positivist theories

B. Radical Criminology

C. Labeling theory

D. Constitutional theories

E. Genetic explanations

Learning Theories:

1. Criminal attitude is learned.

2. The learning is through cooperation with other people.

3. The main part of the learning occurs in close special groups.

4. The learning includes approach to carry out certain crimes and also specific attitudes and motives criminal towards committing crime (Barlow & Kauzlarich, 2014).

5. The learning experiences — will vary in frequency and importance for each individual.

6. Process of learning criminal action is not different from the learning of any other attitude.

How Do Theories Differentiate Between Criminal Behaviors?

Different theories explain different reasons to commit crimes. Criminal are not born they are compelled to do so because of various environmental, social, economic and family crisis. Above mentioned theories explain different reasons behind the criminal behavior of a person.

References:

1. Barlow, H. D., & Kauzlarich, D. (2014). Introduction to criminology: Little, Brown Boston, MA.

2. Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., & Farrington, D. P. (2003). Criminal career research: Its value for criminology*. Criminology, 26(1), 1-35.

3. Elliott, D. S. (2009). SERIOUS VIOLENT OFFENDERS: ONSET, DEVELOPMENTAL COURSE, AND TERMINATION—THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CRIMINOLOGY 1993 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS*. Criminology, 32(1), 1-21.

4. Taylor, I., Walton, P., & Young, J. (2013). Critical Criminology (Routledge Revivals): Routledge.