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Question 1

Which of the following is a common first step in a risk assessment project?

		Prepare process documentation
		Develop preliminary hazard list
		Make decisions about residual risk
		Define project system and scope

Question 2

Which of the following is a good reason to have supervisors prepare JHAs?

		They know the jobs better than anyone else.
		It deepens understanding of what employees do.
		They have more available time.
		They have implementation authority.

Question 3

Which of the following is true concerning different analysts conducting Risk Assessment on the same system?

		Selection of control tactics will be the same
		Judgments about probability will be different
		Judgments about severity will be the same
		Selection of residual risk controls will not be different

Question 4

Which of these activities would NOT be included in a JHA?

		Transportation of injured
		Transportation to job site
		Staging of equipment at jobsite
		Moving equipment at jobsite

Question 5

Another name for a risk reduction priority scheme is __________.

		Hierarchy of Risk
		Hierarchy of Controls
		Hierarchy of Analysis
		Hierarchy of Hazards

Question 6

Discuss possible reasons why the last process in a risk assessment, implementing the tactics, is sometimes neglected. What would you recommend to an organization to ensure that this critical step is not left out? Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 7

Identify a task from where you work, or used to work, that would be a good candidate for a JHA. Identify who you feel would be the best person to conduct the JHA, and briefly explain the reasons for your selection. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 8

Explain the difference between a job and a task, providing at least one example of each. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 9

You have been asked to identify engineering controls that will reduce noise levels in a machine shop. Using the strategy column of Table 5.1 (p. 56) as a guide, propose at least three controls based on engineering methods. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 10

Discuss reasons why persons unfamiliar with risk assessment might object to creating a preliminary hazard list. Provide examples (other than the ones in the course textbook) that help illustrate your points. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 11

One of the more difficult parts of a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) is getting the right level of detail in the task steps. Select a task that someone in your family does at home routinely, and develop a list of steps that could be used in a JHA. What steps (if any) did you leave out? Discuss reasons for the steps you did, and did not, include. Your response must be at least 300 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 12

Suppose you are concerned about a particular task that was performed quarterly by a pair of electricians. You already have a JHA for the task. It has 12 steps, beginning with assembling the equipment they will need and obtaining a permit for a lockout/tagout procedure, and ending with putting away the equipment they used. Answer the following questions: a. Refer to table 1.1 in the course textbook (p. 5). What system levels would you include in your project? b. For your system description, consider the components in Figure 5.1 (p. 51). List the components and indicate briefly what, if anything, involving each component would be useful to include. c. How would you describe the scope of your risk assessment project?

Your response must be at least 300 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 1

Explain why common-cause failure analysis is important when dealing with redundant systems. Provide an example that illustrates your point (other than one from the course textbook). Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 2

Describe some of the criteria that should be used in determining a top event or condition for a Fault Tree Analysis. Provide some examples (other than the ones in the course textbook). Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 3

Identify the two logic gates commonly used in fault tree analysis, and briefly explain the difference. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 4

What does the fault tree in Figure 7.6 of the course textbook (p. 77) tell you about strategies for extinguishing a fire? Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 5

Briefly discuss some reasons why identifying minimum cut sets is an important analysis technique. Provide an example that illustrates your points. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 6

Consider the three methods of fault tree analysis discussed in Chapter 8. Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Your response must be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 7

A professor scheduled a test at 11 a.m. on Wednesday. A student might fail to show up for the test. a. If you want to make a fault tree for this, what text would you put in the top event box? b. What type of gate would you put in the top event box? c. List reasons for this “no-show.” d. Group the reasons for no-show into categories for placing under the gate in a fault tree. If you have more than five reasons, consider consolidating some of the reasons into categories suitable for a fault tree. e. Use the outline format to write the final version of the logic you would use to make a fault tree for the student failing to show up for the test.

Your response must be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 1

What risk reduction strategy should be considered before separating the hazard from that needing protection?

		Help people perform safely
		Use PPE
		Improve the resistance of that needing protection
		Moderate the hazard

Question 2

What mid-major group in the center column of Figure 10.2 fits the following scenario? A truck driver drove through an intersection while the light was red. When interviewed later, he said he was driving toward the sun and could not tell the light was red.

		Perceptual Error
		Decision Error
		Skill-based Error
		Routine Violation

Question 3

What risk reduction strategy is considered the "last line of defense?"

		Expedite recovery
		Help people perform safely
		Use PPE
		Eliminate the hazard

Question 4

Which of the following is a tactic for moderating a hazard?

		Control the rate of release
		Reduce the intensity of energy transfer
		Lockout and tag-out of potential energy sources
		Protect body parts from impacts from objects

Question 5

In an Events and Causal Factors chart, what is the term used for events that occur after the harmful event?

		Response Events
		Causal Events
		Existing Events
		Unsafe Events

Question 6

Why should post-harm response be included in an incident investigation policy? Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 7

Discuss the differences between risk-reduction strategies and risk-reduction tactics. Provide an example of each. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 8

Explain what an incident investigation team can learn about barriers from a prior risk assessment of the process involved in an accident. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 9

Perform the following exercise using Strategy 7 – help people perform safely. You will not necessarily be providing complete solutions, only demonstrating application of the specific strategy. A large haul truck transports ore within a mine. When backing up, the driver can use the mirrors on the on each side of the cab, but still has a large blind spot behind the truck. What would you recommend to help both driver and the pedestrians avoid a backing over fatality?

Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 10

Perform the following exercise using Strategy 2 – moderate the hazard. You will not necessarily be providing complete solutions, only demonstrating application of the specific strategy. Heat from a furnace in a foundry keeps a room warm during the winter. However, during the summer, the combination of furnace heat and warm humid external air in the room can become difficult for workers to tolerate. There have been instances of heat exhaustion and the occupational health physician is concerned about a future case of heat stroke. What solution do you suggest?

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 11

Perform exercises a-c below using Strategy 6 – improve the resistance of that needing protection. You will not necessarily be providing complete solutions, only demonstrating application of the specific strategy. a. A governmental agency wants to build a new office in a location prone to earthquakes. What can you suggest for improving the resistance of the building to damage from an earthquake? b. Administrators of a hospital want to protect their staff from possible infection with Hepatitis B. A vaccine is available. How is a vaccination program an example of Strategy 6? c. A forest not far from a city is filled with dead tree materials and considerable undergrowth. Experts on forest fires say that the forest will burn rapidly if a fire should start during hot weather. What option can you suggest for improving the resistance of the forest to fire?

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 12

Using the event and causal factors chart in Figure 9.3 (p. 112), identify the internal and external performance shaping factors that may have contributed to the accident. What recommendations do you have that might change the factors and prevent a recurrence? Your response must be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 1

Which of the following is a good attribute of a safety culture?

		Respect for limitations of technology
		"Groupthink" in teamwork
		Diffuse responsibilities
		Invincible mindset

Question 2

Hands-on training is most suited to learning objectives that involve which of the following?

		Cognitive understanding
		Knowledge development
		Skills understanding
		Skills development

Question 3

Effective safety training learning objectives should focus on __________.

		instructor needs
		organizational needs
		trainee needs
		compliance needs

Question 4

At the highest levels of OSH program aspirations, an organization will often do which of the following?

		Focus only on standards compliance
		Employ a continuous improvement methodology
		Recognize that a formal safety program is no longer needed
		Reject the use of national consensus standards

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true?

		ISO management standards are preferred over ANSI standards.
		OSHA requires use of a management standard.
		Different features from multiple safety management standards can be combined.
		Only one safety management standard should be used by an organization.

Question 6

Explain how industrial housekeeping and sanitation can influence the workplace safety culture. Provide some examples that illustrate your points. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 7

Briefly explain the differences in organizational aspirations regarding emergency preparedness. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 8

Explain the distinction between safety culture and safety climate. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 9

One of the continuous improvement loops used in an OSH Management Systems is an annual management review of system effectiveness. Discuss one other safety management process that could be considered a continuous improvement loop. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 10

Discuss some potential roadblocks to establishing an effective safety culture in an organization. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 11

Imagine that a recent college graduate is hired for an industrial hygiene position. After completing her first monitoring assignment, she writes a report. The senior industrial hygienist she works for reviews the report and annotates many changes. Some relate to recommendations in the draft, where the senior IH changes language stating that certain controls “shall” be implemented to less demanding words such as “could” and “recommended.” The new IH is offended by all the changes and considers her professionalism violated because of not being allowed to work autonomously. Discuss the issues in terms of professional ethics. Your response must be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 12

Develop a plan for a two hour training program on warning signs. Assume the employees have never had a course like this one. The OSH department recently bought new signs conforming to the most recent standards and replaced all the old signs. Your plan should incorporate adult learning theory, such as diverse ways for learning. You are not asked to develop the content of the course, but rather describe how the time will be used. Include statements of the purpose of the training and learning objectives for trainees. Include time for a pretest and a post test. Your response must be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 1

Why does arc welding generate intense heat? Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 2

Briefly explain the difference between conductive and convective heat transfer. Provide a workplace example of each. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 3

Explain the reason for having a grounding wire on portable power tools. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 4

One tactic for reducing noise exposure is to set up a barrier between the source and the personnel. What are the characteristics of an effective barrier? Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 5

Imagine that you coach a track team. You have three athletes who compete in the shot put event. All three have good technique and achieve similar trajectory angles. One can put the shot farther than the others. Using the concepts of energy, work, and power, explain why he can outperform the others. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 1

What engineering approach to risk reduction could be applied to both attacks by former employees and to attacks stemming from domestic disputes? Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 2

Discuss the four well-recognized risk factors for cumulative trauma disorders. Provide an example of a task for each risk factor. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 3

What is the limitation in saying that a crack in a floor surface with a difference in elevation of more than 10 mm is a hazard? Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 4

Explain why step uniformity is so important for stairways. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Question 5

Discuss the three routes of entry for chemicals into the human body. Provide an example of a chemical that can enter through all three routes. Your response must be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.

Reference: Jensen, R. C. (2012). Risk-reduction methods for occupational safety and health. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.