THE USE OF GROWTH HORMONES IN CHILDERN DUE TONIGHT IN 6 and half hrs READ INSTRUCTIONS

: by the Food and Drug Administration for healthy children whose pro- rrn- is too slow to reach a normal adult height (63 inches for men and

for *.-16311. Many variables affect short statured children's responses to fuig1- including whether they are GH deficient or not, what their early

ilmE:r: *ere. and whether their parents are also short statured. In a recent u-irh short stature undergoing homone therapy treatment realized aL

fim of -l inches in their flnal height (Albertsson-Wikland et a1., 2008). If hosever. the therapy may do psychological harm by creating unfulfilled

.-r br' _eiving short children the feeling that something is wrong with them

Deelopment and Dental Care & r+ult teeth arrive early in middle childhood. The primary teeth begin to fall

agt 6 and are replaced by permanent teeth at a rate of about four teeth per & mxt 5 years.

;usr 30 1,ears the number of U.S. children ages 6 to 18 with untreated cavities EEi) 80 percent. Improvements cut across ethnic and socioeconomic lines, Espenic children and those living in families with lower incomes have more

- l007b). Widespread use of fluoride has been a major factor in the decline and severity of dental caries in the United States and in other eco-

I ilneloped countries. Studies of community water fluoridation programs dem- .r -10 to 50 percent reduction in childhood dental caries attributable to

,Centers for Disease Control, 2001). in children's dental health is also attributed to use of adhesive sealants

rlE h chewing surfaces (Brown, Kaste, Selwitz, & Furman,1996). Dental seal- ruJren's teeth have increased from the early 1970s to the point where up to 30

m children aged 6 to 11 have dental sealants (National Institute of Dental and Research, 2004). Access to proper dental care is important for young chil-

oral disease may lead to problems in eating, speaking, and sleeping (U.S. of Health and Human Services, 2001). The American Academy of Pediatric

p rzuommends that all children visit the dentist within 6 months of the eruption fu pnmary tooth and no later than after the first birthday (American Academy

These girls prqldly show off a childhood milestone the normal loss of baby teeth, which will be replaced by permanent ones. U.S. children today have fewer dental cavities than in the early 1970s, probably owing to better nutrition, widespread use of fluoride, and better dental care.

L Dentistry, 2002).

Chapter 12 Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood 317