WEEK1 RESPONSES

Matthre f

According to Boland psychopatholoy is the product of interacting biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces instead of just one single cause (Boland et al., 2022). When we discuss biological factors, we often think of families with illnesses, but according to the literature, genes are not all defining if infact someone will get sick.  It only increases the chances of their development.  We have to consider chemicals like serotonin that also have an effect.  Chemical imbalances, along with moods and sleep can also be important to consider.  It has been proven that long periods of stress can change the mind. Tests have shown problems with memory, attention, and the ability to plan (Jackson & Milberg, 2018). Psychological factors involve thinking and acting, and all too often anxiety is focused on.  People with anxiety can sometimes hyperfocus on what scares them, which causes the fear to become stronger.  Events that affect a 10-year-old may transpire differently than the same event for an 85-year-old Babushka.  Interestingly, children with strong support, which causes resilience, tend to "bounce back" more quickly.   When talking about social and cultural factors, we think of poverty, violence, unjust treatment, and hard childhood experiences.  It's been shown that having good friends and social support systems in place can help.  Keep in mind that the culture of a person can be presented in ways differently than your own.  This also affects how feelings are displayed.   What may seem like an issue in our culture may be considered totally normal in another (Cheung & Mak, 2018). As this is brought inside the scope of a Nurse Practitioner, we need to consider that most problems are multifacited, and with that comes the responsibility to be knowledgeable and sensitive towards each patient differently.  Meds might not be the answer for an unsafe home.  Each person is a tapestry of character that must be individualized to fully understand and properly treat.  

References

Boland, R., Verduin, M. L., & Ruiz, P. (2022).  Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry (12th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

Butcher, J. N., & Kendall, P. C. (2018). Introduction to childhood and adolescent psychopathology. In J. N. Butcher & P. C. Kendall (Eds.),  APA handbook of psychopathology: Vol. 2. Child and adolescent psychopathology (pp. 3–14). American Psychological Association.  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000065-001

Cheung, F. M., & Mak, W. W. S. (2018). Sociocultural factors in psychopathology. In J. N. Butcher & J. M. Hooley (Eds.),  APA handbook of psychopathology: Vol. 1. Psychopathology: Understanding, assessing, and treating adult mental disorders (pp. 127–147). American Psychological Association.  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000064-006

Jackson, C. E., & Milberg, W. P. (2018). Examination of neurological and neuropsychological features in psychopathology. In J. N. Butcher & J. M. Hooley (Eds.),  APA handbook of psychopathology: Vol. 1 (pp. 65–90). American Psychological Association.  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000064-004

Masten, A. S., & Kalstabakken, A. W. (2018). Developmental perspectives on psychopathology in children and adolescents. In J. N. Butcher & P. C. Kendall (Eds.),  APA handbook of psychopathology: Vol. 2 (pp. 15–36). American Psychological Association.  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000065-002

Bryonna williamson

According to Boland psychopatholoy is the product of interacting biological, psychological, and sociocultural forces instead of just one single cause (Boland et al., 2022). When we discuss biological factors, we often think of families with illnesses, but according to the literature, genes are not all defining if infact someone will get sick.  It only increases the chances of their development.  We have to consider chemicals like serotonin that also have an effect.  Chemical imbalances, along with moods and sleep can also be important to consider.  It has been proven that long periods of stress can change the mind. Tests have shown problems with memory, attention, and the ability to plan (Jackson & Milberg, 2018). Psychological factors involve thinking and acting, and all too often anxiety is focused on.  People with anxiety can sometimes hyperfocus on what scares them, which causes the fear to become stronger.  Events that affect a 10-year-old may transpire differently than the same event for an 85-year-old Babushka.  Interestingly, children with strong support, which causes resilience, tend to "bounce back" more quickly.   When talking about social and cultural factors, we think of poverty, violence, unjust treatment, and hard childhood experiences.  It's been shown that having good friends and social support systems in place can help.  Keep in mind that the culture of a person can be presented in ways differently than your own.  This also affects how feelings are displayed.   What may seem like an issue in our culture may be considered totally normal in another (Cheung & Mak, 2018). As this is brought inside the scope of a Nurse Practitioner, we need to consider that most problems are multifacited, and with that comes the responsibility to be knowledgeable and sensitive towards each patient differently.  Meds might not be the answer for an unsafe home.  Each person is a tapestry of character that must be individualized to fully understand and properly treat.  

References

Boland, R., Verduin, M. L., & Ruiz, P. (2022).  Kaplan & Sadock's synopsis of psychiatry (12th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.

Butcher, J. N., & Kendall, P. C. (2018). Introduction to childhood and adolescent psychopathology. In J. N. Butcher & P. C. Kendall (Eds.),  APA handbook of psychopathology: Vol. 2. Child and adolescent psychopathology (pp. 3–14). American Psychological Association.  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000065-001

Cheung, F. M., & Mak, W. W. S. (2018). Sociocultural factors in psychopathology. In J. N. Butcher & J. M. Hooley (Eds.),  APA handbook of psychopathology: Vol. 1. Psychopathology: Understanding, assessing, and treating adult mental disorders (pp. 127–147). American Psychological Association.  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000064-006

Jackson, C. E., & Milberg, W. P. (2018). Examination of neurological and neuropsychological features in psychopathology. In J. N. Butcher & J. M. Hooley (Eds.),  APA handbook of psychopathology: Vol. 1 (pp. 65–90). American Psychological Association.  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000064-004

Masten, A. S., & Kalstabakken, A. W. (2018). Developmental perspectives on psychopathology in children and adolescents. In J. N. Butcher & P. C. Kendall (Eds.),  APA handbook of psychopathology: Vol. 2 (pp. 15–36). American Psychological Association.  https://doi.org/10.1037/0000065-002