Week 8 Test

1.

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Question 1

2 Points

What is not a potential weakness of the justification for consuming meat that says humans, like other meat-eating species, are not able to be morally judged for consuming meat?

Humans are not as able to eat meat as other species.

We do not often base our morality on the acceptability of non-human animal behaviors.

We often find, without much evidence, that eating some meat is worse than others.

Some animals eat humans, and we don’t allow for that by other humans.

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2.

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Question 2

2 Points

If a person is religious, then a religious separation giving humans dominion over other animals provides an ethically consistent allowance for eating non-human animals.

True

False

Clear selection

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3.

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Question 3

2 Points

Why would Bentham have likely been opposed to Descartes’ killing and dissecting of his wife’s dog?

The dog could suffer.

The dog had a soul.

The dog was a moral agent.

The dog had intelligence and will.

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4.

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Question 4

2 Points

Why is rationality a problematic guide for determining that humans can ethically eat animals?

Many animals are more rational than humans in compromised situations (like a vegetative state)

Animal rationality cannot be guessed at

Rationality is irrelevant to suffering

Speciesism is rampant

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5.

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Question 5

2 Points

The idea that humans are not merely as morally valuable as their rationality, but as that of their likely future rationality is called

potentiality argument

Morality argument

Futurism argument

Speciesist argumentation

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6.

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Question 6

2 Points

Singer argued against the potentiality argument by using the thought experiment of

Prince Charles not being a king yet

Babies not being adults yet

Puppies not yet being dogs

Potentiality charts, showing that potentiality was a percentage that may never actualize

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7.

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Question 7

2 Points

Utilitarians such as Bentham and Singer have said that eating animals is never morally allowable.

True

False

Clear selection

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8.

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Question 8

2 Points

What is a major concern of utilitarian animal ethicists in determining whether or not it is morally acceptable to eat meat?

If the animal was raised and slaughtered without suffering

Whether or not rearing practices reflect the animal’s nature

Ensuring that there are still jobs for workers if we get rid of slaughtering plants

Whether the animal would evaluate its own life as overall pleasurable

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9.

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Question 9

2 Points

Kant would most likely agree with which statement about our duty toward animals?

Although humans have no direct duty towards animals, we have an indirect duty to avoid cruelty, because cruelty to animals forms those habits in people.

Humans have neither a direct nor indirect duty towards animals, given that animals and humans are of totally different types.

Humans have a direct, but not indirect duty towards animals, because animal suffering is the main issue, not the formation of moral habits in humans.

Kant failed to address human/animal relationships in a coherent way, such as the utilitarian theorists have done.

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10.

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Question 10

2 Points

Cora Diamond argues against the consumption of animals by analogy to other things we intuitively presume not to be eaten, rather than by the moral rights of the animal.

True

False

Clear selection

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1.

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Question 1

1 Point

Which of the following expresses a value statement?

Europe should accept more refugees from war-torn countries

The new Dell computer is twice as fast as the old one

That coffee isn’t worth $9

Deer do not feel pain when shot

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2.

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Question 2

1 Point

“Gena lost her first tennis match of the day. Then, she proceeded to lose her second match. An upset is possible, but I don’t see the trend changing during this match.”

Analogical

Example

Authority

Deductive

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3.

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Question 3

1 Point

Claiming that GMO crops are artificial and therefore dangerous, is basically using which argument?

The Unnatural argument

The Playing God argument

Definition Argument

A violation of rights

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4.

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Question 4

1 Point

Which would accurately summarize the Euthyphro problem?

Does God create good, or does God just know what good is and then do it?

Is there the possibility of morality without God?

How can one be moral under Divine Command Theory if one doesn’t believe in God?

There are no principles if God is dead, but an there still be principles if God once lived?

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5.

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Question 5

1 Point

What is normative ethical relativism?

The belief that there are no universally valid moral principles; rightness or wrongness is purely dependent on society.

It describes the fact that most all different cultures have different opinions on moral matters.

It claims that there can be no objective values.

It cannot exist in nature.

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6.

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Question 6

1 Point

Which of the following sums up Thoreau’s idea about the value of government?

Government should mostly get out of the way to let people thrive.

Government is tasked with delivery of certain needs, like food and health care.

Government should generally demand the submission of its people in extreme times, such as war.

A government based on majority rule is generally the most just.

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7.

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Question 7

1 Point

What do all Consequentialist theories have in common?

They measure ethicalness of an action by the pleasantness of its consequences.

They agree on how to measure happiness

They disagree on incorporating any values other than consequences into the calculation of what to do.

They don’t share anything universally in common

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8.

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Question 8

1 Point

For Utilitarians, happiness is essentially defined as:

presence of pleasure and absence of pain

Moral codes given by society

Total pleasure, regardless of negative aspects

Happiness level of the majority

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9.

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Question 9

1 Point

What is Kant’s basic problem with consequentialist thinking?

An act can be wrong, even if it leads to good consequences

He didn’t care about consequences

He intuitively disliked hedonist flourishing

He wanted a system with a universal theory of value

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10.

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Question 10

1 Point

Why does Kant think that a good will is the only intrinsic good?

It is the only thing that is good without qualification

natural gifts don’t lead to good ends

Nothing else has good intentions

It can negate bad fortune

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11.

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Question 11

1 Point

What might we say that the term telos, as used by Aristotle, is the equivalent of in modern terminology?

The meaning of life

Virtue

The way that things are going to end.

Happiness of flourishing.

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12.

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Question 12

1 Point

Which of the following would most likely be a postmodernist statements about The Good?

The good is what we believe it to be.

The good is a maxim that can be universalized to all people and situations.

The good is the objective true understood in a life of faith.

The good is highly dependent on the rational findings of science.

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13.

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Question 13

1 Point

Why were the founding American rights theorists, such as Jefferson and Paine, insistent that the rights of man were to be located in nature or a divine being, as opposed to the new American government?

They were afraid that rights given by legislation alone could easily be taken away

They strongly believe in Will Rights

They were against Natural Law reasoning from the pre-Enlightenment

they wanted to follow Kant

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14.

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Question 14

1 Point

Most social contract theory begins with what kind of theory?

Positing an idea of humans in the state of nature, with no government.

Beginning with positing the natural rights from the natural law.

A belief in the rationality of humans as opposed to the irrationality of animals.

Political documents defining a society’s values.

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15.

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Question 15

1 Point

Which wealth distribution theory holds that the problem with wealth distribution would be best dealt with by worker ownership of production, rather than government redistribution or public ownership or production?

Anarcho-syndicalism

laissez-faire Capitalism

Command Communism

Free Market Socialism

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