psych

Chapter 4 Assignment

Case Study: The Five I's of Microbiology in Action

Introduction: Microbiology plays a critical role in understanding and controlling the spread of infectious diseases. The Five I's - Inoculation, Incubation, Isolation, Inspection, and Identification - are fundamental steps in the study and identification of microorganisms. In this case study, we explore how these steps were employed to identify an unknown pathogen causing an outbreak in a small community.

Case Study: In a remote village, a mysterious illness began to affect its residents. Symptoms included high fever, severe diarrhea, and vomiting. Concerned by the growing number of cases, the local health authorities decided to investigate the outbreak using microbiological techniques.

Five I's Process:

1. Inoculation: The first step in the process was to collect samples from infected individuals. Nasal swabs, blood samples, and fecal specimens were taken from several patients. These samples were carefully labeled and transported to the nearest microbiology laboratory.

2. Incubation: In the laboratory, the samples were subjected to various culture media to encourage the growth of microorganisms. A range of temperatures, pH levels, and nutrient compositions were used to provide optimal conditions for microbial growth. Over the course of several days, colonies of microorganisms began to appear in the cultures.

3. Isolation: To identify the causative agent, individual colonies were isolated from the mixed cultures. This step involved streaking samples onto agar plates to obtain pure cultures. Multiple plates were used, each with specific conditions, such as selective or differential media, to help isolate the pathogen.

4. Inspection: Under a microscope, the isolated colonies were examined for their morphological characteristics. The size, shape, color, and arrangement of cells were noted. In this case, the pathogen was observed to be rod-shaped and Gram-negative, indicating the need for further tests.

5. Identification: Advanced biochemical tests were performed on the isolated pathogen. These tests included Gram staining, catalase, oxidase, and API biochemical profiling. Based on the results, the pathogen was identified as a strain of  Salmonella, a known cause of foodborne illness.

Answer the following questions:

1. How does the process of incubation help in identifying the causative agent in a microbiological investigation?

2. Why is it crucial to isolate individual colonies from mixed cultures during the Five I's process, and what are the techniques used for isolation?

Chapter 4 Study Guide: Developing Through the Life Span

· Due Thursday by 11:59pm

 

· Points 50

 

· Submitting a text entry box

· Available until Feb 12 at 11:59pm

Directions:  Copy and complete the study guide, keep the same format, then submit it in the designated area.  This assignment will not be graded for accuracy.

No attachments allowed on any assignment.  Failure to follow directions will result in the forfeiture of points!

1. Copy and paste the study guide into a “Microsoft Word” document and complete the study guide (maintain the original format).

2. Next, copy the completed study guide and submit the assignment in the designated assignment area; no attachments allowed (you will forfeit all points).

3. Failure to follow directions will result in forfeiture of points.

 

MODULE 11 REVIEW

Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development, and the Newborn

Learning Objectives

Test Yourself: Answer these repeated Learning Objective Questions to improve your retention of the concepts (McDaniel et al., 2009, 2015).

1. What three issues have engaged developmental psychologists?

2. What is the course of prenatal development, and how do teratogens affect that development?

3. What are some newborn abilities, and how do researchers explore infants’ mental abilities?

 

Terms and Concepts to Remember

Test Yourself:  Write down the definitions.

developmental psychology

cross-sectional study

longitudinal study

zygote

embryo

fetus

teratogens

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

habituation

 

Experience the Testing Effect

Test Yourself :  Answer the following questions.

1. How do cross-sectional and longitudinal studies differ?

2. The three major issues that interest developmental psychologists are nature/nurture, stability/change, and __________ /____________.

3. Although development is lifelong, there is stability of personality over time. For example,

1. most personality traits emerge in infancy and persist throughout life.

2. temperament tends to remain stable throughout life.

3. few people change significantly after adolescence.

4. people tend to undergo greater personality changes as they age.

4. Body organs first begin to form and function during the period of the ; within 6 months, during the period of the , the organs are sufficiently functional to provide a good chance of surviving and thriving.

1. zygote; embryo

2. zygote; fetus

3. embryo; fetus

4. placenta; fetus

5. Chemicals that the placenta isn’t able to screen out that can harm an embryo or fetus are called ________________.

6. Stroke a newborn’s cheek and the infant will root for a nipple. This illustrates

1. a reflex.

2. nurture

3. a preference.

4. continuity

 

MODULE 12 REVIEW

Infancy and Childhood

Learning Objectives

Test Yourself Answer these repeated Learning Objective Questions to improve your retention of the concepts (McDaniel et al., 2009, 2015).

1. During infancy and childhood, how do the brain and motor skills develop?

2. How did Piaget broaden our understanding of the way a child’s mind develops, and how have today’s researchers built on his work?

3. How did Vygotsky view children’s cognitive development?

4. What does it mean to develop a theory of mind?

5. How do caregiver-infant attachment bonds form?

6. How have psychologists studied attachment differences, and what have they learned?

7. How does experiencing adversity affect children’s social development?

8. What are the four main parenting styles?

9. What outcomes are associated with each parenting style?

 

Terms and Concepts to Remember

Test Yourself:  Write down the definition.

maturation

critical period

cognition

schema

assimilation

accommodation

sensorimotor stage

object permanence

preoperational stage

egocentrism

concrete operational stage

conservation

formal operational stage

scaffold

theory of mind

stranger anxiety

attachment

imprinting

temperament

basic trust

 

Experience the Testing Effect

Test Yourself: Answer the following questions.

1. Between ages 3 and 6, the human brain experiences the greatest growth in the ______________ lobes, which enable reasoning and planning.

2. Which of the following is true of motor-skill development?

1. It is determined solely by genetic factors.

2. The sequence, but not the timing, is universal.

3. The timing, but not the sequence, is universal.

4. It is determined solely by environmental factors.

3. Why can’t we consciously recall learning to walk?

4. Use Piaget’s first three stages of cognitive development to explain why young children are not just miniature adults in the way they think.

5. Although Piaget’s stage theory continues to inform our understanding of children’s thinking, many researchers believe that

1. Piaget’s stages begin earlier and development is more continuous than he realized.

2. children do not progress as rapidly as Piaget predicted.

3. few children progress to the concrete operational stage.

4. there is no way of testing much of Piaget’s theoretical work.

6. An 8-month-old infant who reacts to a new babysitter by crying and clinging to his father’s shoulder is showing ___________

7. In a series of experiments, the Harlows found that monkeys raised with artificial mothers tended, when afraid, to cling to their cloth mother rather than to a wire mother holding the feeding bottle. Why was this finding important?

 

MODULE 13 REVIEW

Adolescence

 

Learning Objectives

Test Yourself Answer these repeated Learning Objective Questions to improve your retention of the concepts (McDaniel et al., 2009, 2015).

1. How is adolescence defined, and how do physical changes affect developing teens?

2. How did Piaget, Kohlberg, and later researchers describe adolescent cognitive and moral development?

3. What are the social tasks and challenges of adolescence?

4. How do parents and peers influence adolescents?

5. What is emerging adulthood?

 

Terms and Concepts to Remember

Test Yourself: Write down the definition.

adolescence

puberty

identity

social identity

intimacy

emerging adulthood

 

Experience the Testing Effect

Test Yourself:  Answer the following questions.

1. Adolescence is marked by the onset of

1. an identity crisis.

2. puberty

3. moral reasoning.

4. parent-child conflict.

2. According to Piaget, a person who can think logically about abstractions is in the ___________ __________ stage.

3. In Erikson’s stages, the primary task during adolescence is

1. attaining formal operations.

2. forging an identity.

3. developing a sense of intimacy with another person.

4. living independent of parents.

4. Some developmental psychologists refer to the period that occurs in some Western cultures from age 18 to the mid-twenties as ___________

 

MODULE 14 REVIEW

Adulthood

 

Learning Objectives

Test Yourself Answer these repeated Learning Objective to improve your retention of the concepts (McDaniel et al., 2009, 2015).

1. What physical changes occur during middle and late adulthood?

2. How does memory change with age?

3. What themes and influences mark our social journey from early adulthood to death?

4. How does our well-being change across the life span?

5. What range of reactions does a loved one’s death trigger?

 

Terms and Concepts to Remember

Test Yourself Write down the definition in your own words.

menopause

social clock

 

Experience the Testing Effect

Test Yourself Answer the following questions.

1. By age 65, a person would be most likely to experience a cognitive decline in the ability to

1. recall and list all the important terms and concepts in a text module.

2. select the correct definition in a multiple-choice question.

3. recall their own birth date.

4. practice a well-learned skill, such as knitting.

2. Freud defined the healthy adult as one who loves and works. Erikson agreed, observing that the adult struggles to attain intimacy and __________________.

3. Contrary to what many people assume,

1. older people are significantly less happy than adolescents are.

2. people become less happy as they move from their teen years into midlife.

3. positive feelings tend to grow after midlife.

4. those whose children have recently left home—the empty nesters—have the lowest level of happiness of all groups.