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Assignment Readings

• Criminal Justice and Criminology (8th ed.)

• Chapter 4. General Issues in Research Design

• Chapter 5. Concepts, Operationalization, and Measurement

1) Explain in detail "units of analysis". (2) What are cross-sectional and longitudinal studies? (3) Describe in detail the three basic requirements that determine a causal relationship in scientific research. (4) What are the criteria for measurement quality? (Discuss reliability and validity). 

300 word minimum
end with a question to peers