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Health Effects of Lipids

As you learned in the previous lab, a diet high in saturated and trans fats raises total and LDL blood cholesterol, while unsaturated fats have the opposite effect. But what does this mean? What is the connection between blood cholesterol levels and risk for cardiovascular disease?

When LDL blood cholesterol levels are elevated, LDL cholesterol can precipitate out of blood and deposit in arterial walls, contributing to plaque formation. Plaque buildup restricts arterial blood flow and raises blood pressure which can lead to cardiovascular disease (CVD).

To assess risk for CVD, a physician may order a blood lipid profile which measures the amount of each type of blood lipid, with the exception of LDL blood cholesterol. LDL cholesterol is not measured directly, but instead is computed by plugging the measurements for total cholesterol, HDL and triglyerides into a formula called the Friedewald equation (named for the developer, William Friedeman).

Friedewald equation:

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Lesson 7 Lab

Lipids: Lipoproteins/Blood Cholesterol Analysis

1. List the lipoproteins and explain the function of each in the body. (15 pts)

2. Discuss at least three differences between chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL and HDL blood cholesterol. (20 pts)

3. Calculate Mr. Smith’s LDL cholesterol level using the Friedewald equation provided for you in the lesson. (Show your work.) Does your calculated number agree with the lab results? (10 pts)

4. Using the lab results from Mr. Smith’s blood lipid profile and his personal information, determine whether Mr. Smith’s risk level for cardiovascular disease (CVD) using Table 18-4 in your textbook. Explain how you came to this conclusion, including any risk factors for CVD you see in his information. (25 pts)

5. Identify the fatty acids that raise the risk for CVD and explain their role(s) promoting this disease. In what foods are these fatty acids found? (15 pts)

6. Identify the fatty acids that reduce risk for CVD and explain how they convey this health benefit. In what foods are these fatty acids found? (15 pts)

In this Lab, you will be examining how lipids travel through the bloodstream and lymph and analyzing a blood lipid profile to assess risk for cardiovascular disease.

Response to each question must:

· contain well-developed sentences, correct spelling, and proper grammar

· demonstrate your achievement of those objectives for the lesson in your response

· include data, facts, key terminology, specific examples, and direct quotations from the textbook, Lesson and other resources to support your main point.

· include appropriate citation and a resource list for all sources used.

Cite  all  sources of information, including your textbook, using last name and page numbers in parenthesis in the text; for example: (Author(s) last name, year, p. ###). Provide a resource list at the conclusion of the assignment formatted as in this example:  Author(s)’ last name, first initial(s). (year).  Title in italics. Location of publisher: Publisher or retrieval information.

Blood Lipid Lab Results

You will be interpreting the blood lipid results from James Smith's lab work to assess his risk for heart disease in this week's lab.

Blood Lab Corp

Specimen 100-200-3000	Type S	Primary Lab PD	Report Status COMPLETE	Page# 1
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION FASTING: Y PHONE 480-123-4567    DOB: 5/30/1968
PATIENT NAME SMITH, JAMES	SEX M	AGE (YR.MOS.) 52/1

 

Lipid Panel and Cholesterol/ HDL ratio

TEST	RESULT	LIMITS	LAB
Cholesterol, Total	259 mg/dL	100 - 199	01
Triglycerides	201 mg/dL	0 - 149	01
HDL Cholesterol	32 mg/dL	40 - 59	01

Comment

HDL cholesterol values > 59 mg/dL are associated with reduced cardiac risk

TEST	RESULT	LIMITS	LAB
VLDL Cholesterol Calc	46 mg/dL	5 - 40	01
LDL Cholesterol Calc	187 mg/dL	0 - 99	01
T. Chol/HDL Ratio	8.1 ratio units	0.0 - 5.0	01