Final Project Responses
What do you think about what they did?
2 years ago 10
PSY314W8ProjectResponseInfo.docx
FinalProject.pptx
PSY314W8ProjectResponseInfo.docx
PSY 314 WEEK 8 FINAL PROJECT RESPONSES INFO & INSTRUCTIONS
Provide responses to two classmates' presentations. Constructive comments are suggestions, recommendations, or questions that provoke fresh considerations. Should you identify something that needs work in a presentation, offer an idea, proposal, or inquiry that prods your classmate to rethink and/or rebuild.
PROJECT 1: CASSANDRA WASHINGTON
PROJECT 2: AUDREI SANDERS
INSTRUCTIONS
For your response posts, do the following:
· Reply to at least two classmates outside of your own initial post thread.
· In Module One, complete your two response posts by Sunday at 11:59 p.m. Eastern.
· In Modules Two through Eight, complete your two response posts by Sunday at 11:59 p.m. of your local time zone.
· Demonstrate more depth and thought than saying things like “I agree” or “You are wrong.” Guidance is provided for you in the discussion prompt.
FinalProject.pptx
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Cassandra Washington
Psychology: Childhood and Adolescent Disorders
August 18, 2024
What is autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
American Psychiatric Association, 2013 National Institute of Mental Health, 2024
Autism is a neurological disorder that can be diagnosed at any age and can impact how people with autism interact with others. This can affect their communication, learning, and behavior (National Institute of Mental Health, 2024).. While ASD can be diagnosed at any age, diagnosis typically happens as early as 12 months or as late as 24 months depending on how severe or subtle the symptoms are (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
2
ASD is a neurological and developmental disorder
ASD can be diagnosed at any age
ASD affects how people interact with others and behavioral issues.
Signs and symptoms
Social & Communication behaviors
Little or inconsistent eye contact
Lack of emotion, interest, or enjoyment
Not responding to their name being called
Difficulty in back-and-forth conversations
Restrictive & Repetitive behaviors
Repeating behaviors or phrases
Intense interest in certain topics
Upset with changes or routines
Differing sensory inputs
Symptoms are categorized into two categories social and communitive and restrictive and repetitive behaviors. This was a change in the DSM-5. This change helped narrow down and differentiate between communication and other behavior issues. In order to be diagnosed with ASD children must show symptoms in both domains, must be persistent, occur in different settings, and be present in early development (Mash, 2018).
3
Causes of ASD
National Institute of Mental Health, 2024
While researchers do not know the true causes of ASD, studies suggest that genes can have an impact on the diagnosis of ASD. There are some links to genetic disorders like Rett syndrome or Fragile X syndrome. Some people believe that having their child vaccinated causes a diagnosis of ASD, however, there is no current research that supports this claim. Other causes can be related to low birth weight, having older parents, or other siblings with ASD (National Institute of Mental Health, 2024).
4
Genetics
Environmental
Neurological
Play therapy and mindfulness interventions help improve outcomes in social communication and emotional and behavioral regulation in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
5
Assertions
Play therapy combined with mindfulness interventions can help improve emotional regulation in individuals diagnosed with ASD.
Mindfulness interventions create a safe and supportive environment for developing skills.
Bui et al., 2024
Challenges to ASD diagnosis
There are many challenges to an ASD diagnosis, some include stigmatization, misdiagnosis or over-diagnosis, financial challenges, and making referrals to neuro specialists. Parents deal with the out-of-pocket cost of therapies if insurance does not cover it. Families also struggle with not having referrals made or face challenges during the referral process. One study showed that there were nine barriers to families receiving referrals for an ASD diagnosis (Hightshoe et al., 2023). Half of the families participating in this trial had barriers related to information, this could include not understanding the process.
7
Stigma
Misdiagnosis
Financial challenges
Making referrals
Challenges to individuals and families
Challenges to family
Added stress
Financial burdens
Lack of resources
Challenges to children
Delays in development
Behavior issues
Difficulties with transitions
Treatments
There are different treatment plans such as therapy, medications, and creating IFSP/IEPs. Therapy can include speech or occupational therapy. This will help build their movements and social skills, which is one symptom of ASD. Other therapies can include applied behavior therapy (ABA). Medication is another form of treatment. Healthcare providers will prescribe medication to help reduce irritability, aggression, repetitive behavior, anxiety, and depression. IFSP and IEP are individualized plans to help children during the early stages of development and diagnosis (National Institute of Mental Health, 2024).
9
Therapy
Medication
IFSP/IEP’s
More opportunities
We can offer more education for teachers and parents on what to look for when they have concerns about development or possible autism diagnosis. Project INTERACT helps prepare graduate students in psychology, special education, and speech therapy to work with children with autism with moderate to severe symptoms (Price et al., 2023). Offering play spaces that are sensory friendly with children with autism can also help protect and encourage play with children.
10
Bringing more awareness
01
More education for teachers and parents
02
More safe environments for children with ASD to play
03
Current research
Current research suggests that early diagnosis and treatments can have positive effects on those diagnosed with ASD. Play therapy uses theoretical models that help trained therapists work with children with ASD to work on interpersonal skills have positive outcomes and gain optimal development (Bui er al., 2024).
11
Positive impacts through therapy
Play therapy
Early diagnosis
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5. American Psychiatric Association.
Bui, L., Kim Vander Dussen, & Widera, E. (2024). A qualitative examination of play therapy and mindfulness interventions with youth with an Autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Play Therapy, 33(1), 24–39. https://doi.org/10.1037/pla0000170
Hightshoe, K., Gutiérrez-Raghunath, S., Tomcho, M. M., Cordelia Robinson Rosenberg, Rosenberg, S. A., Dooling-Litfin, J. K., Cordova, J. M., Colborn, K., & DiGuiseppi, C. (2023). Barriers to referral and evaluation and corresponding navigation services for toddlers screening positive for autism spectrum disorder. Families, Systems, & Health, 41(3), 342–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000786
National Institute of Mental Health. (2024, February). Autism spectrum disorder. National Institute of Mental Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd
Price, J. R., Cooper-Duffy, K., Ogletree, B. T., Campbell, J. M., Rose, A. J., Cathey, M., & Chen, K. (2023). Interprofessional education on autism and intellectual disabilities: Program description and initial evaluation: School Psychology. School Psychology, 39(4). https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000570
12
image1.jpeg
image8.jpeg
image9.png
image10.svg
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PSY314W8ProjectResponseInfo.docx
PSY 314 WEEK 8 FINAL PROJECT RESPONSES INFO & INSTRUCTIONS
Provide responses to two classmates' presentations. Constructive comments are suggestions, recommendations, or questions that provoke fresh considerations. Should you identify something that needs work in a presentation, offer an idea, proposal, or inquiry that prods your classmate to rethink and/or rebuild.
PROJECT 1: CASSANDRA WASHINGTON
PROJECT 2: AUDREI SANDERS
INSTRUCTIONS
For your response posts, do the following:
· Reply to at least two classmates outside of your own initial post thread.
· In Module One, complete your two response posts by Sunday at 11:59 p.m. Eastern.
· In Modules Two through Eight, complete your two response posts by Sunday at 11:59 p.m. of your local time zone.
· Demonstrate more depth and thought than saying things like “I agree” or “You are wrong.” Guidance is provided for you in the discussion prompt.
FinalProject.pptx
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Cassandra Washington
Psychology: Childhood and Adolescent Disorders
August 18, 2024
What is autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
American Psychiatric Association, 2013 National Institute of Mental Health, 2024
Autism is a neurological disorder that can be diagnosed at any age and can impact how people with autism interact with others. This can affect their communication, learning, and behavior (National Institute of Mental Health, 2024).. While ASD can be diagnosed at any age, diagnosis typically happens as early as 12 months or as late as 24 months depending on how severe or subtle the symptoms are (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
2
ASD is a neurological and developmental disorder
ASD can be diagnosed at any age
ASD affects how people interact with others and behavioral issues.
Signs and symptoms
Social & Communication behaviors
Little or inconsistent eye contact
Lack of emotion, interest, or enjoyment
Not responding to their name being called
Difficulty in back-and-forth conversations
Restrictive & Repetitive behaviors
Repeating behaviors or phrases
Intense interest in certain topics
Upset with changes or routines
Differing sensory inputs
Symptoms are categorized into two categories social and communitive and restrictive and repetitive behaviors. This was a change in the DSM-5. This change helped narrow down and differentiate between communication and other behavior issues. In order to be diagnosed with ASD children must show symptoms in both domains, must be persistent, occur in different settings, and be present in early development (Mash, 2018).
3
Causes of ASD
National Institute of Mental Health, 2024
While researchers do not know the true causes of ASD, studies suggest that genes can have an impact on the diagnosis of ASD. There are some links to genetic disorders like Rett syndrome or Fragile X syndrome. Some people believe that having their child vaccinated causes a diagnosis of ASD, however, there is no current research that supports this claim. Other causes can be related to low birth weight, having older parents, or other siblings with ASD (National Institute of Mental Health, 2024).
4
Genetics
Environmental
Neurological
Play therapy and mindfulness interventions help improve outcomes in social communication and emotional and behavioral regulation in individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
5
Assertions
Play therapy combined with mindfulness interventions can help improve emotional regulation in individuals diagnosed with ASD.
Mindfulness interventions create a safe and supportive environment for developing skills.
Bui et al., 2024
Challenges to ASD diagnosis
There are many challenges to an ASD diagnosis, some include stigmatization, misdiagnosis or over-diagnosis, financial challenges, and making referrals to neuro specialists. Parents deal with the out-of-pocket cost of therapies if insurance does not cover it. Families also struggle with not having referrals made or face challenges during the referral process. One study showed that there were nine barriers to families receiving referrals for an ASD diagnosis (Hightshoe et al., 2023). Half of the families participating in this trial had barriers related to information, this could include not understanding the process.
7
Stigma
Misdiagnosis
Financial challenges
Making referrals
Challenges to individuals and families
Challenges to family
Added stress
Financial burdens
Lack of resources
Challenges to children
Delays in development
Behavior issues
Difficulties with transitions
Treatments
There are different treatment plans such as therapy, medications, and creating IFSP/IEPs. Therapy can include speech or occupational therapy. This will help build their movements and social skills, which is one symptom of ASD. Other therapies can include applied behavior therapy (ABA). Medication is another form of treatment. Healthcare providers will prescribe medication to help reduce irritability, aggression, repetitive behavior, anxiety, and depression. IFSP and IEP are individualized plans to help children during the early stages of development and diagnosis (National Institute of Mental Health, 2024).
9
Therapy
Medication
IFSP/IEP’s
More opportunities
We can offer more education for teachers and parents on what to look for when they have concerns about development or possible autism diagnosis. Project INTERACT helps prepare graduate students in psychology, special education, and speech therapy to work with children with autism with moderate to severe symptoms (Price et al., 2023). Offering play spaces that are sensory friendly with children with autism can also help protect and encourage play with children.
10
Bringing more awareness
01
More education for teachers and parents
02
More safe environments for children with ASD to play
03
Current research
Current research suggests that early diagnosis and treatments can have positive effects on those diagnosed with ASD. Play therapy uses theoretical models that help trained therapists work with children with ASD to work on interpersonal skills have positive outcomes and gain optimal development (Bui er al., 2024).
11
Positive impacts through therapy
Play therapy
Early diagnosis
References
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5. American Psychiatric Association.
Bui, L., Kim Vander Dussen, & Widera, E. (2024). A qualitative examination of play therapy and mindfulness interventions with youth with an Autism spectrum disorder. International Journal of Play Therapy, 33(1), 24–39. https://doi.org/10.1037/pla0000170
Hightshoe, K., Gutiérrez-Raghunath, S., Tomcho, M. M., Cordelia Robinson Rosenberg, Rosenberg, S. A., Dooling-Litfin, J. K., Cordova, J. M., Colborn, K., & DiGuiseppi, C. (2023). Barriers to referral and evaluation and corresponding navigation services for toddlers screening positive for autism spectrum disorder. Families, Systems, & Health, 41(3), 342–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000786
National Institute of Mental Health. (2024, February). Autism spectrum disorder. National Institute of Mental Health. https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/autism-spectrum-disorders-asd
Price, J. R., Cooper-Duffy, K., Ogletree, B. T., Campbell, J. M., Rose, A. J., Cathey, M., & Chen, K. (2023). Interprofessional education on autism and intellectual disabilities: Program description and initial evaluation: School Psychology. School Psychology, 39(4). https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000570
12
image1.jpeg
image8.jpeg
image9.png
image10.svg
.MsftOfcThm_Accent1_Fill_v2 { fill:#4D9FC3; } .MsftOfcThm_Accent1_Stroke_v2 { stroke:#4D9FC3; }
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