EMBRYOLOGY

 Gametogenesis (normal development): 

1. Describe the five stages of cell division 

2. Describe the four stages of mitosis 

3. List two ways in which meiosis contributes to genetic diversity and why it is considered beneficial 

4. Identify a normal male and female karyotype and enumerate the number of chromosomes, autosomes, DNA content and ploidy. Interpret the short-hand notation of karyotype 

5. Describe the major stages of meiosis and the status of the chromosomes, DNA content and ploidy at each 

6. Define the terms chiasmata, crossing over, translocation, disjunction and non-disjunction and identify the phase of meiosis at which each may occur. 

7. Identify the origin and migratory path of human germ cells into the gonad. Describe the role of growth factors and their receptors in this migration. 

8. Distinguish spermatogenesis and spermatogenesis. When is spermatogenesis initiated, when does it cease? How long does the entire process of spermatogenesis/spermatogenesis take? 

9. Describe the physical site, timing, cell morphology, stage of meiosis for each stage of spermatogenesis. Relate the stage of sperm development with location within the seminiferous tubule. 

10. Describe the modification which takes place during spermatogenesis including their function and the anatomical site of modification. 

11. Describe the physical site, timing, cell morphology and stage of meiosis for each stage of oogenesis. What are the major triggers for moving the developing oocyte from one stage to the next? 

12. Describe the origin, hormonal control, and roles of accessory cells in male and female gametogenesis.