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ASSIGNMENTDETAILS.docx

ASSIGNMENT DETAILS !

For this Discussion Board, I want you to explore how your understanding of Race/Ethnicity has changed over the semester thus far. So you will need to share how your perceptions of these concepts have shifted through engaging course materials. In your post share the following:

1) how has your understanding of race and ethnicity changed?

2) what specific course material (assigned reading/lecture) helped to shape the way you now think about Race/Ethnicity in the U.S.? Please include a paraphrased reference or direct quote that impacted the way you think about these concept s. Include a parenthetical citation from an author we've read or one of my lectures.

To complete this assignment, you'll need to answer these questions in a short paragraph blurb, your post should be AT LEAST 150 words in length. You'll need to to also respond two peers' posts to receive full credit for the assignment.

(citation required)

RacialFormations-1.pptx

Racial Formations

ETHST 1

Dr. Frank Pérez

Lecture Layout

What will be covered:

What is race revisited

Phases of Race Thinking

Christian/theological

Biological/Scientific

Social Science 

Racial prerequisite cases (evolving understanding of race

Racial Formation Theory

Racialization

Race making

Key terms:

Racial Formation Theory: an analytical tool in sociology used to look at race as a socially constructed identity, where the content and importance of racial categories are determined by social, economic, and political forces

Racialization:

The process by which social understandings (think stereotypes) are used to classify individuals or groups of people within a black-white colored binary or continuum.

Can be good or bad (Asians are good at math, all immigrants are criminals)

This is a (centuries long) process that associates certain social classifications (based on physical makers) with individuals that need to be:

Exploited for capitalist gains 

Removed because they no longer serve  a function in the capitalist society

What is Race? (Revisited)

What are our 4 (or 5) primary race categories?

These are considered to be what kind of construct?

When did our understandings of Race and racial difference emerge?

What was one of the primary purposes of establishing Race/Racial and Ethnic differences?

Racial Formations: Phases of Race thinking

Christian/theological thinking

Polygenesis: stemmed from European explorers that interacted with People of Color all over the world

They claimed that these people came from different origins than those of Anglo-Europeans, which was at odds with the Adam and Eve creationism story

Monogenesis: church argued that there was only one species of man but that different races were of different levels of piety (BIPOC were pagans in need of rescuing/Christianizing)

This both justified the conquest of lands and enslavement/eradication of people

Racial Formations: Phases of Race thinking

Biological Science

Evolutionary biologist, botanist, and medical scientist argued that human races we different down a cellular level

Essentially, there were different species of man (our 5 types)

Social Science

Anthropologist argued that Race was a social concept

Race was created out of social, political, and historical moments when various people were defined as different

Racial Formations: Racial Prerequisite Cases

History of Racial Perquisite Cases

https://youtu.be/gsKx59n4TnQ 

List of all 51 Racial Perquisite Cases determining who was white

https://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/ncc375/rp/index.html 

Racial Formations Theory

Theory of Racial Formation

an analytical tool in sociology, developed by Michael Omi and Howard Winant, which is used to look at race as a socially constructed identity, where the content and importance of racial categories are determined by social, economic, and political forces

https://youtu.be/J3Xe1kX7Wsc

Things to consider with regard to with Race: 

It is a social construct

It is unstable 

It evolves to include new groups of people over time

It is socially, politically, and economically defined

While imaginary, it has material effects on peoples' lives

Racial Formations: Racialization

Racialization:

The process by which social understandings (think stereotypes) are used to classify individuals or groups of people within a black-white colored binary or continuum.

Can be good or bad (Asians are good at math, all immigrants are criminals)

This is a (centuries long) process that associates certain social classifications (based on physical makers) with individuals that need to be:

Exploited for capitalist gains 

Removed because they no longer serve a function in the capitalist society

All groups are racialized in relational and oppositional ways

Exp: Evolving Racialization of Chicanx/Latinx

Race Making

Social: 

Academics (education/theology)

Media (news/cinematic and tv/music/advertising)

Political

Campaigns

Politicians

Legal

Laws

Policies/Practices

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0f1PE8Kzng 

Conclusion

What we covered

What is race revisited

Phases of Race Thinking

Christian/theological

Biological/Scientific

Social Science 

Racial prerequisite cases (evolving understanding of race)

Racial Formation Theory

Racialization

Race making

Key Terms

Racial Formation Theory

Racialization

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Intersectionality-1.pptx

Intersectionality

Sociology Week 1

Professor Pérez ABD

1

Lecture Layout

What we'll be covering:

Co-conconstruciton of identity categories

Identity categories

Matrix of Domination 

Intersectionality

Intersectional analysis

Intersectionality examples

Key terms:

Indentity categories: physical, social, and mental characteristics of individuals. Examples of social identities are race/ethnicity, gender, social class/socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, (dis)abilities, and religion/religious beliefs.

Matrix of Domination: is a sociological concept that explains issues of oppression that deal with race, class, and gender, which, despite being fundamentally different, are all interconnected

Marginalization:to put or keep (someone) in a powerless or unimportant position within a society or group.helps us consider how issues of race, class, gender, sexuality, ability, age, and immigration status intersect to affect people differently and interconnectedly

Intersectionality/intersectional analysis: helps us consider how issues of race, class, gender, sexuality, ability, age, and immigration status intersect to affect people differently and interconnectedly

Co-constructing Identity Categories

Like with race, there are many other Identity Categories that are socially constructed

Identity category: Social identity groups are usually defined by some physical, social, and mental characteristics of individuals. Examples of social identities are race/ethnicity, gender, social class/socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, (dis)abilities, and religion/religious beliefs.

Rember that identity categories emerge at certain historical moments and evolve depending on political and economic conditions.

Identity categories

Race:

Social categorization based upon phenotypical differences

Used to establish hierarchal social orders based upon “physical” distinctions

Ethnicity:

Cultural values and norms that distinguish the members of a given group from others.

Ethnic groups consist of individuals that collectively identify and share a common awareness

Class:

Social status attributed to one’s income/wealth/possessions

Gender:

Social understanding of behaviors appropriate for each sex (boys will be boys/that’s girls' stuff)

Sexuality:

the way people experience and express themselves sexually. This involves biological, erotic, physical, emotional, social, or spiritual feelings and behaviors. Because it is a broad term, which has varied over time, it lacks a precise definition.

:

4

Intersectionality: Matrix of Domination

Although we have to recognize that people have these types of distinctions, there are overarching systems of oppression that suppress people in interrelated ways, not exactly the same

Matrix of Domination: is a sociological concept that explains issues of oppression that deal with race, class, and gender, which, despite being fundamentally different, are all interconnected

Example of Matrix of Domination

Intersectional analysis comes from feminist of color intellectual perspectives discussing how people face marginalization along various lines

Marginalization: to put or keep (someone) in a powerless or unimportant position within a society or group.

One is often marginalized in at least 2 or more of these ways:

Race

Class

Gender

Sexual preference/orientation/expressions

Ability

Citizenship status

Religion 

Caste 

Intersectionality

Intersectionality

This is a foundational concept in Sociology and Social Analysis

Developed by Feminist Sociologists and Scholars of Color 

https://youtu.be/JRci2V8PxW4 

https://youtu.be/O1islM0ytkE 

It helps us consider how issues of race, class, gender, sexuality, ability, age, and immigration status intersect to affect people differently and interconnectedly

We want to use this concept as a tool to understand how social forces and issues impact the life chances and social mobility of various marginalized groups

Intersectionality

8

race

class

gender

ethnicity

religion

ability

sexuality

Race based issues:

Police shooting of unarmed African Americans

The wage gap

Gender issue:

Singular vs Intersectional analysis

9

Singular vs Intersectional analysis

Intersectional analysis asks us to how certain specific groups (exp. men and women of color vs. white men/women) are affected differently

10

Further consideration

Insectionality example: Health Outcomes

Life expectancy/infant mortality are huge measures of the health realities for BIPOC Communities; specifically, how various factors around these groups are limiting these:

Housing and environment 

Work and stress (for adults)

Access to healthy foods/recreation

Availability of healthcare services and education

Intersectionality Example: Criminalization

Conclusion

What we covered

Co-conconstruciton of identity categories

Identity categories

Matrix of Domination 

Intersectionality

Intersectional analysis

Intersectionality examples

Key terms:

Indentity categories

Matrix of Domination

Marginalization

Intersectionality/intersectional analysis

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Omi_and_Winant_Reading-1.pdf
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RacialFormation21-GenderingRacialFormation-1.pdf
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