Due 5/9
see attached
2 months ago 60
CaseStudyAssignmentInstruction.docx
Module7-DisastersandIntergovernmentalRelationsPartIII.pptx
CaseStudyAssignmentInstruction.docx
PADM 804
Case Study Assignment Instructions
Overview
. Below you will find a chart with each Case Study Assignment and the Module: Week it is due. You will also find the instructions and description for each assignment.
Instructions
· Provide a Biblically based support for your analysis
· Sources must be derived from Read items assigned for the Module: Week in which the Case Study is assigned, peer-reviewed journal articles, and your independent research.
· All citations and format must be in current APA format
· Include 8 – 10 sources, not including your Biblical analysis
· Double-spaced, with 1-inch margins, written in 12-point Times New Roman font.
· Case Study: Federal/State/Local Collaboration Networks in Disasters Assignment must be 10-12 pages).
Below is a chart with each Case Study Assignment and the Module: Week it is due.
|
Title of Assignment |
Module: Week |
|
Case Study: Federal/State/Local Collaboration Networks in Disasters Assignment |
Module 7: Week 7 |
Case Study: Federal/State/Local Collaboration Networks in Disasters Assignment
Address each of the following questions related to federal-state-local collaboration during disasters.
1. Should there be national goals and strong federal direction, as during the period of “creative federalism,” or greater flexibility for state and local officials to target funds and efforts where they feel there is the greatest need?
2. What would happen if the federal role in emergency management was simply reduced to providing financial support?
3. How likely is it that state representatives will address the state’s major hazards without federal encouragement?
4. What are the advantages of developing local capabilities to reduce hazards? How likely is it that local officials will address risks to life and property without outside funding and support?
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.
Page 2 of 2
Module7-DisastersandIntergovernmentalRelationsPartIII.pptx
Disasters and Intergovernmental Relations: Part III Fiscal Relationships – Federal, State, and Local Governments
PADM 804 – IGR AND IGM
Dr. Harry McGinnis
State constitutions and statutes generally limit how much revenue cities and counties may raise through local taxes. Those limits are usually tied to the amount of assessed property value and the amount of debt that the local government has assumed.
Property “tax revolts,” such as Proposition 13 in California in the 1980s which still requires a 2/3 vote of the state legislature for new taxes, have made it very difficult for state and local governments to raise taxes for even essential services like road and bridge repair.
Because local governments are limited in how much tax revenue they may raise and how much they can borrow, most revenues are earmarked for public education, law enforcement, and a few other essential services. As a result, there may be little money to spend on emergency management and little flexibility to use money collected for other purposes.
State transfers of revenues to local governments have not kept pace with the expanding responsibilities of local officials. The issue of “unfunded mandates,” meaning delegations or mandates of responsibility for programs or policies without transfers of money to finance the efforts. Local governments are being expected to provide many services, like building code enforcement, for which they lack financial resources and technical expertise.
Similarly, small local government agencies, particularly volunteer fire departments, have complained about having to have training on the National Incident Management System (NIMS) when they have very limited time, other more pressing priorities, and few resources.
Because of limited tax authority and transfers of money from state governments to local governments, as well as from the federal government to state and local governments, many governments at all levels are becoming more creative. New revenue sources frequently include:
User fees – for those receiving a service.
Impact fees – for developers and others who may increase the risk to public health or safety or increase the costs of services delivered by state or local governments.
Dedicated, limited-term sales taxes such as 1-2 cent sales taxes earmarked for particular programs and for specified periods of time.
The lease of excess or temporarily unused government facilities or land.
The sale of excess or unneeded government property or services, such as surplus office equipment.
A surtax on business and other licenses, permits, and approvals, such as approval of building permits (to mention only a few of the creative options).
Trust funds – for specific purposes. For example, emergency management trust funds have been set up by a number of states with funding provided by fees on property owners, surcharges on insurance policies, taxes on local governments based on population, and/or other revenue sources to cover the costs of disasters that do not warrant a presidential disaster declaration and local emergency management budgets.
As we learned in the earlier discussion of the intergovernmental system…
There are fewer categorical grants to assist state and local governments, although FEMA and other agencies still provide technical assistance and some funding for training programs at the state level.
The general revenue-sharing program that provided additional monies to support state and local services, offering local officials wide discretion in their use, ended in the late 1980s.
Some federal programs (see Appendix A) are providing funding, training, and technical assistance to local responders who might become involved in a terrorist event involving nuclear, chemical, biological, or radiological agents.
The taxing authority of local governments has not been keeping up with the demands being placed on local officials and, even when authority has been expanded, it is very difficult to enact new local taxes; and state governments are transferring relatively little tax revenue to local governments to support essential public services, although there is greater pressure to provide more state financial support for public education.
The taxing authority of local governments has not been keeping up with the demands being placed on local officials and, even when authority has been expanded, it is very difficult to enact new local taxes; and state governments are transferring relatively little tax revenue to local governments to support essential public services, although there is greater pressure to provide more state financial support for public education.
The intergovernmental system is the context within which governments raise revenue, borrow, and spend to support policies and programs like emergency management.
Emergency managers and emergency management agencies are often at a disadvantage in the budget process because much of the revenue raised is earmarked for particular purposes.
The intergovernmental system and the federal and state budget processes are highly competitive, and emergency managers have to find influential friends in executive offices and on legislative committees, sell their programs to the public, and cultivate relationships with influential interest groups if they are to be successful.
Federal funding is available for certain emergency management and Homeland Security activities. Table 3.1 (see Appendix A) includes the major grants available to state and local jurisdictions. Most are categorical grants, meaning that they have to be spent on specific narrow purposes. Some are “pass throughs” and go directly to local governments and others are sent to the state with state officials determine where they will be spent.
image1.jpg
CaseStudyAssignmentInstruction.docx
PADM 804
Case Study Assignment Instructions
Overview
. Below you will find a chart with each Case Study Assignment and the Module: Week it is due. You will also find the instructions and description for each assignment.
Instructions
· Provide a Biblically based support for your analysis
· Sources must be derived from Read items assigned for the Module: Week in which the Case Study is assigned, peer-reviewed journal articles, and your independent research.
· All citations and format must be in current APA format
· Include 8 – 10 sources, not including your Biblical analysis
· Double-spaced, with 1-inch margins, written in 12-point Times New Roman font.
· Case Study: Federal/State/Local Collaboration Networks in Disasters Assignment must be 10-12 pages).
Below is a chart with each Case Study Assignment and the Module: Week it is due.
|
Title of Assignment |
Module: Week |
|
Case Study: Federal/State/Local Collaboration Networks in Disasters Assignment |
Module 7: Week 7 |
Case Study: Federal/State/Local Collaboration Networks in Disasters Assignment
Address each of the following questions related to federal-state-local collaboration during disasters.
1. Should there be national goals and strong federal direction, as during the period of “creative federalism,” or greater flexibility for state and local officials to target funds and efforts where they feel there is the greatest need?
2. What would happen if the federal role in emergency management was simply reduced to providing financial support?
3. How likely is it that state representatives will address the state’s major hazards without federal encouragement?
4. What are the advantages of developing local capabilities to reduce hazards? How likely is it that local officials will address risks to life and property without outside funding and support?
Note: Your assignment will be checked for originality via the Turnitin plagiarism tool.
Page 2 of 2
Module7-DisastersandIntergovernmentalRelationsPartIII.pptx
Disasters and Intergovernmental Relations: Part III Fiscal Relationships – Federal, State, and Local Governments
PADM 804 – IGR AND IGM
Dr. Harry McGinnis
State constitutions and statutes generally limit how much revenue cities and counties may raise through local taxes. Those limits are usually tied to the amount of assessed property value and the amount of debt that the local government has assumed.
Property “tax revolts,” such as Proposition 13 in California in the 1980s which still requires a 2/3 vote of the state legislature for new taxes, have made it very difficult for state and local governments to raise taxes for even essential services like road and bridge repair.
Because local governments are limited in how much tax revenue they may raise and how much they can borrow, most revenues are earmarked for public education, law enforcement, and a few other essential services. As a result, there may be little money to spend on emergency management and little flexibility to use money collected for other purposes.
State transfers of revenues to local governments have not kept pace with the expanding responsibilities of local officials. The issue of “unfunded mandates,” meaning delegations or mandates of responsibility for programs or policies without transfers of money to finance the efforts. Local governments are being expected to provide many services, like building code enforcement, for which they lack financial resources and technical expertise.
Similarly, small local government agencies, particularly volunteer fire departments, have complained about having to have training on the National Incident Management System (NIMS) when they have very limited time, other more pressing priorities, and few resources.
Because of limited tax authority and transfers of money from state governments to local governments, as well as from the federal government to state and local governments, many governments at all levels are becoming more creative. New revenue sources frequently include:
User fees – for those receiving a service.
Impact fees – for developers and others who may increase the risk to public health or safety or increase the costs of services delivered by state or local governments.
Dedicated, limited-term sales taxes such as 1-2 cent sales taxes earmarked for particular programs and for specified periods of time.
The lease of excess or temporarily unused government facilities or land.
The sale of excess or unneeded government property or services, such as surplus office equipment.
A surtax on business and other licenses, permits, and approvals, such as approval of building permits (to mention only a few of the creative options).
Trust funds – for specific purposes. For example, emergency management trust funds have been set up by a number of states with funding provided by fees on property owners, surcharges on insurance policies, taxes on local governments based on population, and/or other revenue sources to cover the costs of disasters that do not warrant a presidential disaster declaration and local emergency management budgets.
As we learned in the earlier discussion of the intergovernmental system…
There are fewer categorical grants to assist state and local governments, although FEMA and other agencies still provide technical assistance and some funding for training programs at the state level.
The general revenue-sharing program that provided additional monies to support state and local services, offering local officials wide discretion in their use, ended in the late 1980s.
Some federal programs (see Appendix A) are providing funding, training, and technical assistance to local responders who might become involved in a terrorist event involving nuclear, chemical, biological, or radiological agents.
The taxing authority of local governments has not been keeping up with the demands being placed on local officials and, even when authority has been expanded, it is very difficult to enact new local taxes; and state governments are transferring relatively little tax revenue to local governments to support essential public services, although there is greater pressure to provide more state financial support for public education.
The taxing authority of local governments has not been keeping up with the demands being placed on local officials and, even when authority has been expanded, it is very difficult to enact new local taxes; and state governments are transferring relatively little tax revenue to local governments to support essential public services, although there is greater pressure to provide more state financial support for public education.
The intergovernmental system is the context within which governments raise revenue, borrow, and spend to support policies and programs like emergency management.
Emergency managers and emergency management agencies are often at a disadvantage in the budget process because much of the revenue raised is earmarked for particular purposes.
The intergovernmental system and the federal and state budget processes are highly competitive, and emergency managers have to find influential friends in executive offices and on legislative committees, sell their programs to the public, and cultivate relationships with influential interest groups if they are to be successful.
Federal funding is available for certain emergency management and Homeland Security activities. Table 3.1 (see Appendix A) includes the major grants available to state and local jurisdictions. Most are categorical grants, meaning that they have to be spent on specific narrow purposes. Some are “pass throughs” and go directly to local governments and others are sent to the state with state officials determine where they will be spent.
image1.jpg
- ASAP UNIT VII ERGONOMICS
- Public and Not for Profit Accounting*****Already A++ Rated Tutorial Use as Guide Paper*****
- create two different graphic presentations.
- I need someone to do my comp xm , it's my final and i am stuck . And I see...
- 45 min only
- socioeconomic status health
- eco
- BUS 499 Week 6 Assignment 3, Business-Level and Corporate-Level Strategies
- NURSING ESSAY
- M1-A3 Assignment 3: Demand and Supply