Crim Justice 2 report
3 years ago 14
crimescenereport.docx
HowShouldaCrimeScenebeProperlyDocumented1.docx
chapter3.pptx
crimescenereport.docx
200 Words
Part 1. After reviewing your assigned reading and this article concerning crime scene documentation :
How Should a Crime Scene be Properly Documented.docx
Describe the actual duties of a CSI. Then contrast these duties with the duties of CSIs that you have seen depicted on television shows, movies, or in novels. Do you think the television shows, movies, and novels, on a general basis, accurately depict the duties of a CSI?
Part 2. Read this article regarding the CSI Effect:
Accessibility score: Low Click to improve
csi_effect _1_.pdf
Review/read this information from NPR: http://www.npr.org/2011/02/06/133497696/is-the-csi-effect-influencing-courtrooms . Do you think the CSI Effect is real? Explain your reasoning. You may also discuss potential effects on the criminal justice system, particularly juries, of the CSI Effect.
https://www.npr.org/2011/02/06/133497696/is-the-csi-effect-influencing-courtrooms
image1.gif
HowShouldaCrimeScenebeProperlyDocumented1.docx
How Should a Crime Scene be Properly Documented?
Certain specifics should be included in crime scene documentation. The following are examples of some of the essential aspects of information for properly documenting a crime scene:
· Dates, times, and locations. To begin, the date and time of the investigator’s assignment to the case should be well recorded in his or her notes. Additionally, officers should include from whom they received the assignment. Supplementary information should include the exact time of arrival at the crime scene, the location of the scene, lighting and weather conditions, and the names of other officers contacted and other persons present at the scene.
· Description of victim. This information should include all identifiers of the victim, including name, age, Social Security number, height, weight, and the color of hair and eyes. In addition, clothing should be noted as to style (if possible) and color of garment. Special attention should be given to extemporaneous identifiers such as complexion, tattoos, and scars.
· Wounds on the victim. Notes regarding the type and location of wounds should be documented carefully. It is important to emphasize descriptions of the wound, and if it is a bruise, its color should be noted. For example, notes of a gunshot wound might read: “Gunshot wound approximately 1/4 inch in diameter to the left temple and approximately 1-1/2 inches from the left eye. A dark gray circle about 1/4 inch in diameter surrounds the entire wound.”
· Overall description of the crime scene. Investigators must note anything unusual at the crime scene. This includes items damaged or in disarray, items that seem misplaced or that don’t seem to belong in the scene, and open (or closed) doors or windows.
· Notes on photographs taken on the scene. For every photograph taken of the scene (and there should be many), the F-stop, shutter speed, distance, and direction of the photo should be logged in an officer’s notes. Also included should be the time and location of each photograph. In the event that a video camera is used to document the scene, an officer’s notes should include the type of camera and any special attachments that may have been used.
· Type and location of each piece of evidence. An investigator should be careful to document adequately the location of each piece of evidence found at the crime scene. This includes its description, location, the time it was discovered and by whom, the type of container in which it was placed, how the container was sealed and marked, and the disposition of the item after it was collected. For example:
9mm cal. S & W model 669 semiautomatic handgun, nickel plated with wooden grips, Serial #36348. 71 inches from the S.W. corner of the master bedroom, 16 inches E. of S. edge of W. door. Marked “WT” on evidence tag placed on trigger guard. Placed in manila evidence envelope, sealed with tape, and marked #11 WT 12-12-12 at 03:25 hrs. Released to Officer Mary Schultz, laboratory firearms examiner, 09:35 hrs. 12-12-12 WT.
· Absence of items. This notation includes the documentation of items not at the crime scene that probably should be such as certain articles of clothing missing from the deceased or certain home furnishings absent from the scene.
chapter3.pptx
Lyman, Criminal Investigation, 9e
Chapter 3
Processing the Crime Scene
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
Describe the preliminary investigation.
Describe the different types of evidence and correct methods for collecting and handling evidence.
Explain the methods for identifying, locating, and interviewing witnesses.
Describe how to properly prepare crime scene reports.
Describe the proper ways of conducting a crime scene search.
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
2
Describe the preliminary investigation
Learning Objectives
After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
3.1
3
4
The preliminary investigation is an initial inquiry by officers to establish facts and circumstances of a suspected crime and to preserve any evidence related to that crime.
3.1
Preliminary Investigation
4
3.1
Actions of the First Officer
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
5
6
The preliminary investigation includes:
3.1
Preliminary Investigation
Securing the crime scene
Considering the possible arrest of a suspect
Locating and questioning witnesses and victims
Documenting the crime scene
Identifying and collecting evidence
6
3.1
Securing a Crime Scene
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
7
Describe the different types of evidence and correct methods for collecting and handling evidence
Learning Objectives
After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
3.2
8
3.2
Corpus Delicti
Evidence that establishes a crime has been committed
9
Types of Evidence
Associative
Evidence that links a suspect with a crime
9
10
Physical
Evidence
Examples of Evidence
3.2
Types of Evidence
Direct
or
Prima Facie
Evidence
Indirect
or
Circumstantial
Evidence
Testimonial
Evidence
Demonstrative
Evidence
Trace
Evidence
10
Collecting and Handling Evidence
3.2
Fragile evidence is usually collected first.
All evidence collected must have a documented chain of custody.
Evidence is marked to ensure proper identification later.
Evidence is normally secured in evidence lockers to prevent tampering and destruction.
11
3.2
Photo Two Label
Photo Three Label
Special Cases
Firearms
Bullets, Cartridges, Cases
Stains
Always handle by the grip or sides of the trigger guard
Never stick anything into the barrel of the weapon
Do not fire the gun or dismantle it
Note exact location of empty spent cases
If possible, remove material encasing a spent bullet
Package to prevent movement and the side portions of item
Photograph and videotape all stains
Take samples from all locations where stain is found
Samples should be swabbed and air-dried before storage
Collecting and Handling Evidence
12
Collecting and Handling Evidence
3.2
Any biohazardous materials should be double-bagged in secure bags and taped with adhesives.
It must be labeled as biohazardous material.
Samples that are subject to DNA testing must be kept frozen. Samples for forensic testing must be refrigerated.
Biohazardous Materials
13
Explain the methods for identifying, locating, and interviewing witnesses.
Learning Objectives
After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
3.3
14
Identifying, Locating, and Interviewing Witnesses
3.3
Witnesses must remain on scene.
Obtain witnesses’ full identities, addresses, and phone numbers immediately.
Even persons who are present but deny witnessing the crime should be identified for further reference.
Ask them to provide the names of persons who are not present but known to live in the vicinity.
15
Identifying, Locating, and Interviewing Witnesses
3.3
Neighborhood Canvass
A door-to-door search of the area of a crime to identify witnesses
16
Describe how to properly prepare crime scene reports
Learning Objectives
After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
3.4
17
Crime Scene Report Preparation
3.4
The date and time at which the officers arrived on the scene
Relevant conditions at the time of arrival, including the weather and other observations
The manner in which the crime was discovered and reported, as well as the identity of reporting individuals
Identity of police officers or emergency personnel present at the time of arrival
Crime Scene Report Information
18
Crime Scene Report Preparation
3.4
Physical evidence collected and identities of those who collected it
Full identification information of witnesses
Results of interviews with victims and witnesses, as well as the identities and descriptions of suspects, methods of operation, and route of escape used
Diagrams, sketches, photographs, and/or videotapes including the identity of persons who prepared the items
Recommendations helpful to the follow-up
Crime Scene Report Information
19
Crime Scene Sketch Preparation
3.4
The crime scene sketch should include the following information:
The investigator’s complete name and rank
The date, time, type of crime, and assigned case number
The complete names of other officers assisting in the making of the sketch
The address of the crime scene, its position in a building, landmarks, and so on
The scale of the drawing (if no scale, indicate by printing “not to scale”)
Crime Scene Sketch Information
20
Crime Scene Sketch Preparation
3.4
The primary items of physical evidence and other critical features of the crime scene, located by detailed measurements from at least two fixed points of reference
A key or legend identifying the symbols or points of reference used in the sketch
Crime Scene Sketch Information (Cont.)
21
Describe the proper ways of conducting a crime scene search
Learning Objectives
After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
3.5
22
23
3.5
Search Patterns
Conducting a Crime Scene Search
Regardless of the methods used, searches should be conducted in a systematic way.
23
Conducting a Crime Scene Search
3.5
Indoor Crime Scene Searches
Outdoor Crime Scene Searches
Nighttime Crime Searches
Vehicle
Searches
Minimum of two officers
Divide a room in half
Switch halves
Use grid pattern
Search are is 6 square feet
Requires more officers
Should wait until daylight
Use lighting generators
Both interior and exterior
Search for fingerprints
24
3.1
3.2
3.3
The preliminary investigation documents the crimes scene and identifies evidence.
Direct and indirect evidence can be physical or testimonial. Physical evidence requires proper bagging and documentation.
All individuals present at the crime must remain on scene as potential witnesses and should be interviewed.
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Crime scene reports contain detailed information on potential evidence found and confiscated.
3.5
3.6
Crime scenes are searched using a spiral, grid, strip, or quadrant method.
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
25
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crimescenereport.docx
200 Words
Part 1. After reviewing your assigned reading and this article concerning crime scene documentation :
How Should a Crime Scene be Properly Documented.docx
Describe the actual duties of a CSI. Then contrast these duties with the duties of CSIs that you have seen depicted on television shows, movies, or in novels. Do you think the television shows, movies, and novels, on a general basis, accurately depict the duties of a CSI?
Part 2. Read this article regarding the CSI Effect:
Accessibility score: Low Click to improve
csi_effect _1_.pdf
Review/read this information from NPR: http://www.npr.org/2011/02/06/133497696/is-the-csi-effect-influencing-courtrooms . Do you think the CSI Effect is real? Explain your reasoning. You may also discuss potential effects on the criminal justice system, particularly juries, of the CSI Effect.
https://www.npr.org/2011/02/06/133497696/is-the-csi-effect-influencing-courtrooms
image1.gif
HowShouldaCrimeScenebeProperlyDocumented1.docx
How Should a Crime Scene be Properly Documented?
Certain specifics should be included in crime scene documentation. The following are examples of some of the essential aspects of information for properly documenting a crime scene:
· Dates, times, and locations. To begin, the date and time of the investigator’s assignment to the case should be well recorded in his or her notes. Additionally, officers should include from whom they received the assignment. Supplementary information should include the exact time of arrival at the crime scene, the location of the scene, lighting and weather conditions, and the names of other officers contacted and other persons present at the scene.
· Description of victim. This information should include all identifiers of the victim, including name, age, Social Security number, height, weight, and the color of hair and eyes. In addition, clothing should be noted as to style (if possible) and color of garment. Special attention should be given to extemporaneous identifiers such as complexion, tattoos, and scars.
· Wounds on the victim. Notes regarding the type and location of wounds should be documented carefully. It is important to emphasize descriptions of the wound, and if it is a bruise, its color should be noted. For example, notes of a gunshot wound might read: “Gunshot wound approximately 1/4 inch in diameter to the left temple and approximately 1-1/2 inches from the left eye. A dark gray circle about 1/4 inch in diameter surrounds the entire wound.”
· Overall description of the crime scene. Investigators must note anything unusual at the crime scene. This includes items damaged or in disarray, items that seem misplaced or that don’t seem to belong in the scene, and open (or closed) doors or windows.
· Notes on photographs taken on the scene. For every photograph taken of the scene (and there should be many), the F-stop, shutter speed, distance, and direction of the photo should be logged in an officer’s notes. Also included should be the time and location of each photograph. In the event that a video camera is used to document the scene, an officer’s notes should include the type of camera and any special attachments that may have been used.
· Type and location of each piece of evidence. An investigator should be careful to document adequately the location of each piece of evidence found at the crime scene. This includes its description, location, the time it was discovered and by whom, the type of container in which it was placed, how the container was sealed and marked, and the disposition of the item after it was collected. For example:
9mm cal. S & W model 669 semiautomatic handgun, nickel plated with wooden grips, Serial #36348. 71 inches from the S.W. corner of the master bedroom, 16 inches E. of S. edge of W. door. Marked “WT” on evidence tag placed on trigger guard. Placed in manila evidence envelope, sealed with tape, and marked #11 WT 12-12-12 at 03:25 hrs. Released to Officer Mary Schultz, laboratory firearms examiner, 09:35 hrs. 12-12-12 WT.
· Absence of items. This notation includes the documentation of items not at the crime scene that probably should be such as certain articles of clothing missing from the deceased or certain home furnishings absent from the scene.
chapter3.pptx
Lyman, Criminal Investigation, 9e
Chapter 3
Processing the Crime Scene
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
1
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
Describe the preliminary investigation.
Describe the different types of evidence and correct methods for collecting and handling evidence.
Explain the methods for identifying, locating, and interviewing witnesses.
Describe how to properly prepare crime scene reports.
Describe the proper ways of conducting a crime scene search.
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
2
Describe the preliminary investigation
Learning Objectives
After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
3.1
3
4
The preliminary investigation is an initial inquiry by officers to establish facts and circumstances of a suspected crime and to preserve any evidence related to that crime.
3.1
Preliminary Investigation
4
3.1
Actions of the First Officer
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
5
6
The preliminary investigation includes:
3.1
Preliminary Investigation
Securing the crime scene
Considering the possible arrest of a suspect
Locating and questioning witnesses and victims
Documenting the crime scene
Identifying and collecting evidence
6
3.1
Securing a Crime Scene
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
7
Describe the different types of evidence and correct methods for collecting and handling evidence
Learning Objectives
After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
3.2
8
3.2
Corpus Delicti
Evidence that establishes a crime has been committed
9
Types of Evidence
Associative
Evidence that links a suspect with a crime
9
10
Physical
Evidence
Examples of Evidence
3.2
Types of Evidence
Direct
or
Prima Facie
Evidence
Indirect
or
Circumstantial
Evidence
Testimonial
Evidence
Demonstrative
Evidence
Trace
Evidence
10
Collecting and Handling Evidence
3.2
Fragile evidence is usually collected first.
All evidence collected must have a documented chain of custody.
Evidence is marked to ensure proper identification later.
Evidence is normally secured in evidence lockers to prevent tampering and destruction.
11
3.2
Photo Two Label
Photo Three Label
Special Cases
Firearms
Bullets, Cartridges, Cases
Stains
Always handle by the grip or sides of the trigger guard
Never stick anything into the barrel of the weapon
Do not fire the gun or dismantle it
Note exact location of empty spent cases
If possible, remove material encasing a spent bullet
Package to prevent movement and the side portions of item
Photograph and videotape all stains
Take samples from all locations where stain is found
Samples should be swabbed and air-dried before storage
Collecting and Handling Evidence
12
Collecting and Handling Evidence
3.2
Any biohazardous materials should be double-bagged in secure bags and taped with adhesives.
It must be labeled as biohazardous material.
Samples that are subject to DNA testing must be kept frozen. Samples for forensic testing must be refrigerated.
Biohazardous Materials
13
Explain the methods for identifying, locating, and interviewing witnesses.
Learning Objectives
After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
3.3
14
Identifying, Locating, and Interviewing Witnesses
3.3
Witnesses must remain on scene.
Obtain witnesses’ full identities, addresses, and phone numbers immediately.
Even persons who are present but deny witnessing the crime should be identified for further reference.
Ask them to provide the names of persons who are not present but known to live in the vicinity.
15
Identifying, Locating, and Interviewing Witnesses
3.3
Neighborhood Canvass
A door-to-door search of the area of a crime to identify witnesses
16
Describe how to properly prepare crime scene reports
Learning Objectives
After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
3.4
17
Crime Scene Report Preparation
3.4
The date and time at which the officers arrived on the scene
Relevant conditions at the time of arrival, including the weather and other observations
The manner in which the crime was discovered and reported, as well as the identity of reporting individuals
Identity of police officers or emergency personnel present at the time of arrival
Crime Scene Report Information
18
Crime Scene Report Preparation
3.4
Physical evidence collected and identities of those who collected it
Full identification information of witnesses
Results of interviews with victims and witnesses, as well as the identities and descriptions of suspects, methods of operation, and route of escape used
Diagrams, sketches, photographs, and/or videotapes including the identity of persons who prepared the items
Recommendations helpful to the follow-up
Crime Scene Report Information
19
Crime Scene Sketch Preparation
3.4
The crime scene sketch should include the following information:
The investigator’s complete name and rank
The date, time, type of crime, and assigned case number
The complete names of other officers assisting in the making of the sketch
The address of the crime scene, its position in a building, landmarks, and so on
The scale of the drawing (if no scale, indicate by printing “not to scale”)
Crime Scene Sketch Information
20
Crime Scene Sketch Preparation
3.4
The primary items of physical evidence and other critical features of the crime scene, located by detailed measurements from at least two fixed points of reference
A key or legend identifying the symbols or points of reference used in the sketch
Crime Scene Sketch Information (Cont.)
21
Describe the proper ways of conducting a crime scene search
Learning Objectives
After this lecture, you should be able to complete the following Learning Outcomes
3.5
22
23
3.5
Search Patterns
Conducting a Crime Scene Search
Regardless of the methods used, searches should be conducted in a systematic way.
23
Conducting a Crime Scene Search
3.5
Indoor Crime Scene Searches
Outdoor Crime Scene Searches
Nighttime Crime Searches
Vehicle
Searches
Minimum of two officers
Divide a room in half
Switch halves
Use grid pattern
Search are is 6 square feet
Requires more officers
Should wait until daylight
Use lighting generators
Both interior and exterior
Search for fingerprints
24
3.1
3.2
3.3
The preliminary investigation documents the crimes scene and identifies evidence.
Direct and indirect evidence can be physical or testimonial. Physical evidence requires proper bagging and documentation.
All individuals present at the crime must remain on scene as potential witnesses and should be interviewed.
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Crime scene reports contain detailed information on potential evidence found and confiscated.
3.5
3.6
Crime scenes are searched using a spiral, grid, strip, or quadrant method.
© 2014 by Pearson Higher Education, Inc Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 • All Rights Reserved
25