Bullet Background Paper
Short Paper for Saturday. Instructions attached below
2 years ago 20
VeryShortAssignmentinstrucitons.docx
TongueandQuillChapter161.pdf
VeryShortAssignmentinstrucitons.docx
Please Keep on mind the format and page limit. And Please Only Use Northouse book that I Attached. Check the Format paragraph below.
This assignment is an exercise in condensing a lot of information into a hard hitting, need to know, compact format. It is the kind of communication an executive might ask for in preparation for an important meeting or decision. The challenge is to choose that information which is the “essence” of what the executive needs to know, and conveying it via a very high fact-to-word ratio. Although the paper is short, the process of choosing what information is the most pertinent and condensing it into very little space can actually be much more difficult than writing it all out in prose.
Scenario: There has been a recent disturbance among the employees in your company that resulted from how the President of the company handled a major project to develop and market an innovative new product. Project NEXT had been in the works for several years and represented a sizeable investment in terms of dollars and manpower. Employees from all across the company had contributed in one form or another toward making the project a success because it was supposed to represent the future of the company. Unfortunately, the President learned that a competitor had beaten his company to the punch and was about to release a competing product much earlier to the market and at a lower price point. Seeing the handwriting on the wall, the President abruptly cancelled the project with a company-wide email that said: “Due to circumstances beyond our control, Project NEXT is cancelled.” Because so much blood, sweat, and tears had been expended by the employees on the project, there was a major backlash at the abrupt cancellation and perfunctory explanation.
The President was surprised at the backlash—it was just a business decision, and the right one at that. He could not understand why the employees would resent him for it. Your boss, the Vice President for Human Relations, suggested that the backlash might be due to how he handled the whole project, not just the cancellation of it. He mentioned to the President that some of the newer approaches to and theories on leadership might be worth his consideration to avoid future disgruntlement among the employees and to improve their productivity. The President said: “Give me a short rundown on these theories so I can figure out which of them I like. Maybe I’ll like all of them!”
The Vice President, knowing you recently received a Master’s Degree from the University of Arkansas that included a course on Leadership Principles, turned to you and asked you to write a two page Bullet Background Paper for the President laying out the essence of four theories/approaches of leadership: Path-Goal Theory, Leader-Member Exchange Theory, Transformational Leadership, and Authentic Leadership. He said you need to ensure the President knows the basis, or underlying assumption, of each theory/approach, the main proponents, the fundamental tenets, how it is implemented, and the important pros and cons for each theory/approach. In addition, he wants you to answer the question of whether or not any or all of the theories can be applied at the same time. The Vice President is a former Air Force Officer and directed you to use the Bullet Background Paper format found in The Tongue and Quill, which is a writing manual used to instruct members of the Air Force on how to communicate.
Format: APA format is suspended for this assignment. Instead, use the Bullet Background Paper Format found on page 224 in Chapter 16 of The Tongue and Quill, which is Air Force Handbook 33-337, and is attached to the assignment. Use only Northouse for the information on the four theories. Use the same method for citations of the Northouse text as we used for the Short Writing Assignment, adapted as follows: at the end of a bullet, or series of bullets, or section of the paper where the information comes from a section of Northouse, just put the page numbers in parentheses, like this: (101-102, 106). This will mean that the information in that bullet, series of bullets, section, or subdivision of the paper comes from pages 101 to 102, and page 106 of Northouse. There is no need for a reference list since Northouse will be the only reference. The ONLY purpose of doing this is so that I can see where you are taking your information from in case I don’t recognize it or it doesn’t seem accurate. Feel free to post questions about the format in the Open Forum so everybody can see them along with my answers. Post the questions under the thread “Q&A on Very Short Paper.” The paper is limited to two pages using this format--do NOT adapt or alter the format to squeeze more information into your paper.
TongueandQuillChapter161.pdf
CHAPTER 16 Air Force “Papers”
- 219 -
CHAPTER 16:
Air Force “Papers”
This chapter covers:
• Form and Function
• Point Paper
• Talking Paper (TP)
• Bullet Background Paper (BBP)
• Background Paper
• Position Paper
The Air Force uses written products (“papers”) in many forms for everyday staff work to serve a variety of functions. The functions they serve are not unique to the Air Force, but the format of a talking paper from one Air Force unit to the next should be the same. The goal of this chapter is to clarify and set the Air Force standards for these papers. These standards apply to the young and old alike: check your work to ensure your papers meet the format standard while also answering the mail for the task requiring the paper in the first place. The sample papers in this chapter contain the guidance for how to build each paper, respectively. For example, the point paper sample is about writing a point paper. It contains guidance in the narrative on how to write a point paper as well as a visual example of a finished point paper.
Form and Function
Where possible, the papers use the same or similar formats; however, there are key differences since these papers all serve different functions, much like traffic signs can have similar characteristics but serve different functions. For example, “STOP” and “YIELD” signs are both red to alert us to an intersection but the shape and the text are different: drivers are expected to act differently at a STOP sign then they are at a YIELD sign. The same concept holds true for Air Force documents: the format supports the function. Know the different functions of Air Force documents and use the right paper for the task.
The Tongue and Quill AFH 33-337, 27 MAY 2015
- 220 -
Plan your work
The text of your written products will be better if you build it with a plan, such as the seven steps to effective communication presented in chapters 2 through 7. With good source materials you can build your content as either bullet statements (bullets) for the point paper, talking paper and bullet background paper; or as narrative for the other papers. Building better bullets (or sentences) requires discipline and following a few fundamental rules (see chapter 19 for details).
The ABS of bullets
First, all bullet statements must be accurate, brief and specific (ABS). Because there is very little text in a bullet, the text used must be unequivocal (accurate) while being as short as possible (brief) to convey a tightly-focused (specific) point. Second, use the correct type of bullet for the desired purpose–the single idea bullet or the accomplishment-impact bullet.
Single Idea Bullets
A single idea bullet is a concisely written statement of a single idea or concept. Single idea bullets have exactly one idea in the bullet and the bullet serves a specific purpose. Single idea bullets are commonly used in Point Papers and Talking Papers. They may also be used in Bullet Background Papers; however, the bullets in Bullet Background Papers frequently have more content within the bullet to support the single idea. See the example papers later in this chapter.
Accomplishment-Impact Bullets
An accomplishment-impact bullet is a concisely written statement of a person’s single accomplishment and its impact on the unit’s mission, operations or other related tasks. Accomplishment-impact bullets are typically used in performance reports, recommendations and award submissions to describe someone’s work performance or noteworthy off-duty pursuits. However, an accomplishment-impact bullet may be appropriate for the written products described in chapter 16, depending on the purpose and audience. As the name implies, accomplishment-impact bullets contain a clear statement of a single accomplishment that had an impact on the mission, operations or other related tasks. The impact can be implied or specified and should be clear to all readers. Specific impacts should place the accomplishment into perspective (large or small).
1. The Accomplishment Element: Briefly describes the person’s actions or behavior.
a. What did the person (or group) do?
b. What was the success (or, less often, the failure)?
2. The Impact Element: Describes the results of the accomplishment and it may be either expressly stated or implied. The impact element is vital to describing the relative importance of the action.
a. What is the impact on the mission (squadron, group, wing, command, Air Force)?
b. Is this impact statement accurate in scope and strength?
c. Does it put things into perspective?
CHAPTER 16 Air Force “Papers”
- 221 -
Form and Function Quick Reference Table
Form Function
Point Paper • Single issue • Single page • Bullets or phrases • Minimal data
Memory jogger: minimal text outline of a single issue to quickly inform others extemporaneously (no-notice)
• Conveys a single, narrow message in a very short time, such as with an “elevator speech”
• Give the same short message many times • Requires prior research and content memorization
Talking Paper (TP) • Single issue • Single page • Bullets or phrases • Key reference data
Speaking notes: outlines and narrates a single issue to inform others during planned/scheduled oral presentations
• Serves as a quick reference on key points, facts, positions
• Addresses frequently asked questions • Can stand alone for basic understanding of the issue
Bullet Background Paper (BBP) • Single issue or several related
issues and impact • Single or multi-page • Bullet statements
Background of a program, policy, problem or procedure; may be a single issue or combination of several related issues
• Concise chronology of program, policy, problem, etc. • Summarizes an attached staff package • Explains or details an attached talking paper
Background Paper • Single issue or several related
issues and impact • Multi-page • Full sentences, details • Numbered paragraphs
Multipurpose staff communications instrument to express ideas or describe conditions that require a particular staff action
• Detailed chronology of program, policy, problem, etc. • Condenses and summarizes complex issues • Provides background research for oral presentations or
staff discussions; informs decision makers with details
Position Paper • Single issue or several related
issues and impact • Multi-page • Full sentences, details • Numbered paragraphs
Working with proposals for new program, policy, or procedure, or plan for working a problem
• Circulate a proposal to generate interest (initiate the idea)
• Evaluate a proposal (respond to another’s idea) • Advocate a position on a proposal to decision makers
Staff Study • Single issue or several related
issues and impact • Multi-page research paper • Detailed discussion with
conclusion & recommendations • Format varies to meet need
Analyze a clearly defined problem, identify conclusions, and make recommendations
• Assist decision makers and leaders in leading • Research to inform and recommend change • A problem-solving thought process in written form
The Tongue and Quill AFH 33-337, 27 MAY 2015
- 222 -
Point Paper
CHAPTER 16 Air Force “Papers”
- 223 -
Talking Paper
The Tongue and Quill AFH 33-337, 27 MAY 2015
- 224 -
Bullet Background Paper
CHAPTER 16 Air Force “Papers”
- 225 -
The Tongue and Quill AFH 33-337, 27 MAY 2015
- 226 -
Background Paper
CHAPTER 16 Air Force “Papers”
- 227 -
The Tongue and Quill AFH 33-337, 27 MAY 2015
- 228 -
Position Paper
VeryShortAssignmentinstrucitons.docx
Please Keep on mind the format and page limit. And Please Only Use Northouse book that I Attached. Check the Format paragraph below.
This assignment is an exercise in condensing a lot of information into a hard hitting, need to know, compact format. It is the kind of communication an executive might ask for in preparation for an important meeting or decision. The challenge is to choose that information which is the “essence” of what the executive needs to know, and conveying it via a very high fact-to-word ratio. Although the paper is short, the process of choosing what information is the most pertinent and condensing it into very little space can actually be much more difficult than writing it all out in prose.
Scenario: There has been a recent disturbance among the employees in your company that resulted from how the President of the company handled a major project to develop and market an innovative new product. Project NEXT had been in the works for several years and represented a sizeable investment in terms of dollars and manpower. Employees from all across the company had contributed in one form or another toward making the project a success because it was supposed to represent the future of the company. Unfortunately, the President learned that a competitor had beaten his company to the punch and was about to release a competing product much earlier to the market and at a lower price point. Seeing the handwriting on the wall, the President abruptly cancelled the project with a company-wide email that said: “Due to circumstances beyond our control, Project NEXT is cancelled.” Because so much blood, sweat, and tears had been expended by the employees on the project, there was a major backlash at the abrupt cancellation and perfunctory explanation.
The President was surprised at the backlash—it was just a business decision, and the right one at that. He could not understand why the employees would resent him for it. Your boss, the Vice President for Human Relations, suggested that the backlash might be due to how he handled the whole project, not just the cancellation of it. He mentioned to the President that some of the newer approaches to and theories on leadership might be worth his consideration to avoid future disgruntlement among the employees and to improve their productivity. The President said: “Give me a short rundown on these theories so I can figure out which of them I like. Maybe I’ll like all of them!”
The Vice President, knowing you recently received a Master’s Degree from the University of Arkansas that included a course on Leadership Principles, turned to you and asked you to write a two page Bullet Background Paper for the President laying out the essence of four theories/approaches of leadership: Path-Goal Theory, Leader-Member Exchange Theory, Transformational Leadership, and Authentic Leadership. He said you need to ensure the President knows the basis, or underlying assumption, of each theory/approach, the main proponents, the fundamental tenets, how it is implemented, and the important pros and cons for each theory/approach. In addition, he wants you to answer the question of whether or not any or all of the theories can be applied at the same time. The Vice President is a former Air Force Officer and directed you to use the Bullet Background Paper format found in The Tongue and Quill, which is a writing manual used to instruct members of the Air Force on how to communicate.
Format: APA format is suspended for this assignment. Instead, use the Bullet Background Paper Format found on page 224 in Chapter 16 of The Tongue and Quill, which is Air Force Handbook 33-337, and is attached to the assignment. Use only Northouse for the information on the four theories. Use the same method for citations of the Northouse text as we used for the Short Writing Assignment, adapted as follows: at the end of a bullet, or series of bullets, or section of the paper where the information comes from a section of Northouse, just put the page numbers in parentheses, like this: (101-102, 106). This will mean that the information in that bullet, series of bullets, section, or subdivision of the paper comes from pages 101 to 102, and page 106 of Northouse. There is no need for a reference list since Northouse will be the only reference. The ONLY purpose of doing this is so that I can see where you are taking your information from in case I don’t recognize it or it doesn’t seem accurate. Feel free to post questions about the format in the Open Forum so everybody can see them along with my answers. Post the questions under the thread “Q&A on Very Short Paper.” The paper is limited to two pages using this format--do NOT adapt or alter the format to squeeze more information into your paper.
TongueandQuillChapter161.pdf
CHAPTER 16 Air Force “Papers”
- 219 -
CHAPTER 16:
Air Force “Papers”
This chapter covers:
• Form and Function
• Point Paper
• Talking Paper (TP)
• Bullet Background Paper (BBP)
• Background Paper
• Position Paper
The Air Force uses written products (“papers”) in many forms for everyday staff work to serve a variety of functions. The functions they serve are not unique to the Air Force, but the format of a talking paper from one Air Force unit to the next should be the same. The goal of this chapter is to clarify and set the Air Force standards for these papers. These standards apply to the young and old alike: check your work to ensure your papers meet the format standard while also answering the mail for the task requiring the paper in the first place. The sample papers in this chapter contain the guidance for how to build each paper, respectively. For example, the point paper sample is about writing a point paper. It contains guidance in the narrative on how to write a point paper as well as a visual example of a finished point paper.
Form and Function
Where possible, the papers use the same or similar formats; however, there are key differences since these papers all serve different functions, much like traffic signs can have similar characteristics but serve different functions. For example, “STOP” and “YIELD” signs are both red to alert us to an intersection but the shape and the text are different: drivers are expected to act differently at a STOP sign then they are at a YIELD sign. The same concept holds true for Air Force documents: the format supports the function. Know the different functions of Air Force documents and use the right paper for the task.
The Tongue and Quill AFH 33-337, 27 MAY 2015
- 220 -
Plan your work
The text of your written products will be better if you build it with a plan, such as the seven steps to effective communication presented in chapters 2 through 7. With good source materials you can build your content as either bullet statements (bullets) for the point paper, talking paper and bullet background paper; or as narrative for the other papers. Building better bullets (or sentences) requires discipline and following a few fundamental rules (see chapter 19 for details).
The ABS of bullets
First, all bullet statements must be accurate, brief and specific (ABS). Because there is very little text in a bullet, the text used must be unequivocal (accurate) while being as short as possible (brief) to convey a tightly-focused (specific) point. Second, use the correct type of bullet for the desired purpose–the single idea bullet or the accomplishment-impact bullet.
Single Idea Bullets
A single idea bullet is a concisely written statement of a single idea or concept. Single idea bullets have exactly one idea in the bullet and the bullet serves a specific purpose. Single idea bullets are commonly used in Point Papers and Talking Papers. They may also be used in Bullet Background Papers; however, the bullets in Bullet Background Papers frequently have more content within the bullet to support the single idea. See the example papers later in this chapter.
Accomplishment-Impact Bullets
An accomplishment-impact bullet is a concisely written statement of a person’s single accomplishment and its impact on the unit’s mission, operations or other related tasks. Accomplishment-impact bullets are typically used in performance reports, recommendations and award submissions to describe someone’s work performance or noteworthy off-duty pursuits. However, an accomplishment-impact bullet may be appropriate for the written products described in chapter 16, depending on the purpose and audience. As the name implies, accomplishment-impact bullets contain a clear statement of a single accomplishment that had an impact on the mission, operations or other related tasks. The impact can be implied or specified and should be clear to all readers. Specific impacts should place the accomplishment into perspective (large or small).
1. The Accomplishment Element: Briefly describes the person’s actions or behavior.
a. What did the person (or group) do?
b. What was the success (or, less often, the failure)?
2. The Impact Element: Describes the results of the accomplishment and it may be either expressly stated or implied. The impact element is vital to describing the relative importance of the action.
a. What is the impact on the mission (squadron, group, wing, command, Air Force)?
b. Is this impact statement accurate in scope and strength?
c. Does it put things into perspective?
CHAPTER 16 Air Force “Papers”
- 221 -
Form and Function Quick Reference Table
Form Function
Point Paper • Single issue • Single page • Bullets or phrases • Minimal data
Memory jogger: minimal text outline of a single issue to quickly inform others extemporaneously (no-notice)
• Conveys a single, narrow message in a very short time, such as with an “elevator speech”
• Give the same short message many times • Requires prior research and content memorization
Talking Paper (TP) • Single issue • Single page • Bullets or phrases • Key reference data
Speaking notes: outlines and narrates a single issue to inform others during planned/scheduled oral presentations
• Serves as a quick reference on key points, facts, positions
• Addresses frequently asked questions • Can stand alone for basic understanding of the issue
Bullet Background Paper (BBP) • Single issue or several related
issues and impact • Single or multi-page • Bullet statements
Background of a program, policy, problem or procedure; may be a single issue or combination of several related issues
• Concise chronology of program, policy, problem, etc. • Summarizes an attached staff package • Explains or details an attached talking paper
Background Paper • Single issue or several related
issues and impact • Multi-page • Full sentences, details • Numbered paragraphs
Multipurpose staff communications instrument to express ideas or describe conditions that require a particular staff action
• Detailed chronology of program, policy, problem, etc. • Condenses and summarizes complex issues • Provides background research for oral presentations or
staff discussions; informs decision makers with details
Position Paper • Single issue or several related
issues and impact • Multi-page • Full sentences, details • Numbered paragraphs
Working with proposals for new program, policy, or procedure, or plan for working a problem
• Circulate a proposal to generate interest (initiate the idea)
• Evaluate a proposal (respond to another’s idea) • Advocate a position on a proposal to decision makers
Staff Study • Single issue or several related
issues and impact • Multi-page research paper • Detailed discussion with
conclusion & recommendations • Format varies to meet need
Analyze a clearly defined problem, identify conclusions, and make recommendations
• Assist decision makers and leaders in leading • Research to inform and recommend change • A problem-solving thought process in written form
The Tongue and Quill AFH 33-337, 27 MAY 2015
- 222 -
Point Paper
CHAPTER 16 Air Force “Papers”
- 223 -
Talking Paper
The Tongue and Quill AFH 33-337, 27 MAY 2015
- 224 -
Bullet Background Paper
CHAPTER 16 Air Force “Papers”
- 225 -
The Tongue and Quill AFH 33-337, 27 MAY 2015
- 226 -
Background Paper
CHAPTER 16 Air Force “Papers”
- 227 -
The Tongue and Quill AFH 33-337, 27 MAY 2015
- 228 -
Position Paper
- cover letter
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- As stated in Lamb et al. (2014), to segment a market successfully, a marketer must consider certain criteria. A market segment must be: 1. substantial (have enough potential customers to be viable), 2. identifiable and measurable, 3. composed of members a
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