Article critique
2 years ago 25
critiqueinfo.docx
03_EvaluatingIntroductionsandLiteratureReview.pptx
critiqueinfo.docx
Instructions:
complete four written summaries and critiques, each 1-page in APA format, focusing on different sections of a research article of their choice: 1) Introduction, 2) Methods, 3) Results, and 4) Discussion.
will provide a concise summary of the chosen section and evaluate its quality.
03_EvaluatingIntroductionsandLiteratureReview.pptx
Agenda
Housekeeping
More Research
APA
Reference Managers
Writing and Introduction
Chapter 4: Evaluating Introductions & Literature Reviews
Review Bullet List Eval (Cronin et al., 2019)
Chapter 5: A Closer Look at Evaluating Literature Reviews
Review: (Punte, 2010)
Next Class…
1
House Keeping
Article Presentations:
Your articles will be reviewed this week
Presentations will start Oct 7th (1-10)
Presentation 1: Introduction & Methods
Presentation 2: Results & Discussion (Oct 28)
Use information covered in class to apply to your article presentation
Final project
Literature Review, Research proposal, small pilot research study
Program evaluation of current training, coaching, teaching
I’m open to ideas of a research to application project you might want to conduct
Types of research
1. Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
Description: A study in which participants are randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group to assess the effect of a treatment or intervention. Strengths: Reduces bias through randomization; establishes causality; high internal validity. Weaknesses: Can be expensive and time-consuming; may not always reflect real-world conditions (limited external validity); ethical concerns in some cases.
2. Quasi-Experimental Design
Description: Similar to RCTs but without random assignment; compares groups that naturally occur or are pre-existing. Strengths: Useful when randomization is not possible; can still demonstrate cause-effect relationships. Weaknesses: Prone to selection bias; lower internal validity compared to RCTs.
3. Qualitative Research
Description: Focuses on understanding subjective experiences, meanings, and social phenomena through interviews, focus groups, and observations. Strengths: Provides in-depth understanding of complex issues; useful for exploratory research. Weaknesses: Lacks generalizability; subjectivity can affect reliability and validity; hard to establish causality.
4. Observational Study
Description: Researchers observe participants without intervening or manipulating variables, often used in natural settings. Strengths: Ethical for situations where manipulation is impossible or unethical; high external validity. Weaknesses: Cannot establish causality; confounding variables may influence results.
5. Between-Subjects Design
Description: Different participants are assigned to different conditions or groups, allowing comparison across groups. Strengths: Reduces carryover effects between conditions; straightforward analysis. Weaknesses: Requires larger sample sizes; potential for individual differences to influence outcomes.
6. Within-Subjects Design (Repeated Measures)
Description: The same participants are exposed to all conditions, and their responses are measured multiple times. Strengths: Controls for individual differences; requires fewer participants. Weaknesses: Prone to order effects (e.g., fatigue, learning); participants may react differently over time.
7. Cross-Sectional Study
Description: Data are collected at a single point in time from a sample to examine the prevalence or characteristics of a phenomenon. Strengths: Quick and inexpensive; useful for identifying correlations. Weaknesses: Cannot establish causality; limited by the snapshot in time.
8. Longitudinal Study
Description: Follows the same participants over a period of time, collecting data at multiple intervals. Strengths: Can examine changes over time and infer causality; useful for developmental and aging studies. Weaknesses: Expensive and time-consuming; participant dropout (attrition) can introduce bias.
3
More research
9. Cohort Study
Description: A type of observational study where a group of people (cohort) is followed over time to examine the relationship between exposures and outcomes. Strengths: Useful for studying rare exposures; can assess the temporal sequence of events. Weaknesses: Time-consuming; confounding variables can limit interpretation of causality.
10. Case-Control Study
Description: Retrospective study comparing participants with a specific condition (cases) to those without (controls) to identify risk factors or causes. Strengths: Efficient for studying rare conditions; requires fewer resources. Weaknesses: Prone to recall bias; cannot establish temporal sequence or causality.
11. Experimental Design
Description: Researchers manipulate one or more variables to determine their effects on an outcome, often using controlled settings. Strengths: High internal validity; can establish cause-effect relationships. Weaknesses: Limited external validity due to artificial settings.
12. Correlational Study
Description: Examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating them. Strengths: Identifies patterns and associations between variables. Weaknesses: Cannot establish causality; correlation does not imply causation.
13. Case Study
Description: In-depth analysis of a single individual, group, or event to explore complex phenomena. Strengths: Provides detailed insights; useful for generating hypotheses. Weaknesses: Limited generalizability; prone to researcher bias.
14. Meta-Analysis
Description: Combines the results of multiple studies to derive a single conclusion about a research question. Strengths: Increases statistical power; provides a comprehensive overview of research on a topic. Weaknesses: Limited by the quality of included studies; potential publication bias.
15. Systematic Review
Description: A thorough review of all relevant studies on a specific topic, following a structured methodology. Strengths: Comprehensive and replicable; provides a high level of evidence. Weaknesses: Time-consuming; may miss studies due to publication bias.
16. Mixed-Methods Research
Description: Combines qualitative and quantitative approaches to address research questions from multiple perspectives. Strengths: Provides a fuller understanding of research questions; balances the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative and quantitative methods. Weaknesses: Requires expertise in both types of methods; can be resource-intensive.
4
3 essential elements for establishing cause and effect
Temporal Precedence: The cause must occur before the effect. This means that the independent variable (cause) must happen before the dependent variable (effect) for a causal relationship to be inferred.
Covariation of Cause and Effect: There must be a demonstrated association or correlation between the cause and the effect. When the cause occurs, the effect must also occur, and when the cause is absent, the effect should not occur (or occur less frequently).
Elimination of Alternative Explanations: To establish causality, other possible factors or confounding variables that could explain the relationship must be ruled out. This ensures that the observed effect is truly due to the cause in question and not some other variable.
5
Intro to APA style
Understanding the Basics of APA Formatting and Its Importance
What is APA style?
7
American Psychological Association (APA)
Why do we use APA?
Consistency
Clarity
Avoiding Plagiarism
Set of guidelines for formatting papers
Structuring content
Maintaining academic integrity
Standards for citing sources
Key Components of APA
8
Title Page
Main Body
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
References
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html
9
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html
10
Introduction to Reference Managers Streamlining Your Research Process
Ekaterina Oparina
Sep 16, 2024
Introduction
Ekaterina Oparina Sep 16th, 2024
Evaluating Introductions and Literature Reviews
September 16, 2024
Bullet List Evaluation: Student Reflection
Students’ perceptions of autonomy-supportive versus controlling teaching and basic need satisfaction versus frustration in relation to life skills development in PE (Cronin et al., 2019)
1. Does the Researcher Begin by Identifying a Specific Problem Area?
15
2. Does the Researcher Establish the Importance of the Problem Area?
16
3. Are any Underlying Theories Adequately Described?
17
4. Does the Introduction Move from Topic to Topic Instead of from Citation to Citation?
18
5. Are Very Long Introductions Broken into Subsections, Each with its Own Subheading?
19
6. Has the Researcher Provided Adequate Conceptual Definitions of Key Terms?
20
7. Has the Researcher Cited Sources for “Factual” Statements?
21
8. Do the Specific Research Purposes, Questions, or Hypotheses Logically Flow from the Introductory Material? -What are the research questions? -What are the hypotheses?
22
Mediator Variable
Hypotheses mentions mediator
Mediator variables explain the relationship between the IV and DV
Exercise
Weight Loss
Age
Reduced Caloric Intake
23
9. Overall, is the Introduction Effective and Appropriate?
24
Chapter 5: A Closer Look at Evaluating Reviews
In a small group, answer the evaluation questions from Chapter 5 for the article posted: (Punte, 2010)
Next Class…
Read: Pyrczak Chapters 6 & 7
& 2 Articles
Due Next Class:
Submit Introduction Critique (Causer, 2011)
& Prepare to critique Article in Class
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media1.mp4
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critiqueinfo.docx
Instructions:
complete four written summaries and critiques, each 1-page in APA format, focusing on different sections of a research article of their choice: 1) Introduction, 2) Methods, 3) Results, and 4) Discussion.
will provide a concise summary of the chosen section and evaluate its quality.
03_EvaluatingIntroductionsandLiteratureReview.pptx
Agenda
Housekeeping
More Research
APA
Reference Managers
Writing and Introduction
Chapter 4: Evaluating Introductions & Literature Reviews
Review Bullet List Eval (Cronin et al., 2019)
Chapter 5: A Closer Look at Evaluating Literature Reviews
Review: (Punte, 2010)
Next Class…
1
House Keeping
Article Presentations:
Your articles will be reviewed this week
Presentations will start Oct 7th (1-10)
Presentation 1: Introduction & Methods
Presentation 2: Results & Discussion (Oct 28)
Use information covered in class to apply to your article presentation
Final project
Literature Review, Research proposal, small pilot research study
Program evaluation of current training, coaching, teaching
I’m open to ideas of a research to application project you might want to conduct
Types of research
1. Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT)
Description: A study in which participants are randomly assigned to either an intervention or control group to assess the effect of a treatment or intervention. Strengths: Reduces bias through randomization; establishes causality; high internal validity. Weaknesses: Can be expensive and time-consuming; may not always reflect real-world conditions (limited external validity); ethical concerns in some cases.
2. Quasi-Experimental Design
Description: Similar to RCTs but without random assignment; compares groups that naturally occur or are pre-existing. Strengths: Useful when randomization is not possible; can still demonstrate cause-effect relationships. Weaknesses: Prone to selection bias; lower internal validity compared to RCTs.
3. Qualitative Research
Description: Focuses on understanding subjective experiences, meanings, and social phenomena through interviews, focus groups, and observations. Strengths: Provides in-depth understanding of complex issues; useful for exploratory research. Weaknesses: Lacks generalizability; subjectivity can affect reliability and validity; hard to establish causality.
4. Observational Study
Description: Researchers observe participants without intervening or manipulating variables, often used in natural settings. Strengths: Ethical for situations where manipulation is impossible or unethical; high external validity. Weaknesses: Cannot establish causality; confounding variables may influence results.
5. Between-Subjects Design
Description: Different participants are assigned to different conditions or groups, allowing comparison across groups. Strengths: Reduces carryover effects between conditions; straightforward analysis. Weaknesses: Requires larger sample sizes; potential for individual differences to influence outcomes.
6. Within-Subjects Design (Repeated Measures)
Description: The same participants are exposed to all conditions, and their responses are measured multiple times. Strengths: Controls for individual differences; requires fewer participants. Weaknesses: Prone to order effects (e.g., fatigue, learning); participants may react differently over time.
7. Cross-Sectional Study
Description: Data are collected at a single point in time from a sample to examine the prevalence or characteristics of a phenomenon. Strengths: Quick and inexpensive; useful for identifying correlations. Weaknesses: Cannot establish causality; limited by the snapshot in time.
8. Longitudinal Study
Description: Follows the same participants over a period of time, collecting data at multiple intervals. Strengths: Can examine changes over time and infer causality; useful for developmental and aging studies. Weaknesses: Expensive and time-consuming; participant dropout (attrition) can introduce bias.
3
More research
9. Cohort Study
Description: A type of observational study where a group of people (cohort) is followed over time to examine the relationship between exposures and outcomes. Strengths: Useful for studying rare exposures; can assess the temporal sequence of events. Weaknesses: Time-consuming; confounding variables can limit interpretation of causality.
10. Case-Control Study
Description: Retrospective study comparing participants with a specific condition (cases) to those without (controls) to identify risk factors or causes. Strengths: Efficient for studying rare conditions; requires fewer resources. Weaknesses: Prone to recall bias; cannot establish temporal sequence or causality.
11. Experimental Design
Description: Researchers manipulate one or more variables to determine their effects on an outcome, often using controlled settings. Strengths: High internal validity; can establish cause-effect relationships. Weaknesses: Limited external validity due to artificial settings.
12. Correlational Study
Description: Examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating them. Strengths: Identifies patterns and associations between variables. Weaknesses: Cannot establish causality; correlation does not imply causation.
13. Case Study
Description: In-depth analysis of a single individual, group, or event to explore complex phenomena. Strengths: Provides detailed insights; useful for generating hypotheses. Weaknesses: Limited generalizability; prone to researcher bias.
14. Meta-Analysis
Description: Combines the results of multiple studies to derive a single conclusion about a research question. Strengths: Increases statistical power; provides a comprehensive overview of research on a topic. Weaknesses: Limited by the quality of included studies; potential publication bias.
15. Systematic Review
Description: A thorough review of all relevant studies on a specific topic, following a structured methodology. Strengths: Comprehensive and replicable; provides a high level of evidence. Weaknesses: Time-consuming; may miss studies due to publication bias.
16. Mixed-Methods Research
Description: Combines qualitative and quantitative approaches to address research questions from multiple perspectives. Strengths: Provides a fuller understanding of research questions; balances the strengths and weaknesses of qualitative and quantitative methods. Weaknesses: Requires expertise in both types of methods; can be resource-intensive.
4
3 essential elements for establishing cause and effect
Temporal Precedence: The cause must occur before the effect. This means that the independent variable (cause) must happen before the dependent variable (effect) for a causal relationship to be inferred.
Covariation of Cause and Effect: There must be a demonstrated association or correlation between the cause and the effect. When the cause occurs, the effect must also occur, and when the cause is absent, the effect should not occur (or occur less frequently).
Elimination of Alternative Explanations: To establish causality, other possible factors or confounding variables that could explain the relationship must be ruled out. This ensures that the observed effect is truly due to the cause in question and not some other variable.
5
Intro to APA style
Understanding the Basics of APA Formatting and Its Importance
What is APA style?
7
American Psychological Association (APA)
Why do we use APA?
Consistency
Clarity
Avoiding Plagiarism
Set of guidelines for formatting papers
Structuring content
Maintaining academic integrity
Standards for citing sources
Key Components of APA
8
Title Page
Main Body
Introduction
Methods
Results
Discussion
References
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html
9
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html
10
Introduction to Reference Managers Streamlining Your Research Process
Ekaterina Oparina
Sep 16, 2024
Introduction
Ekaterina Oparina Sep 16th, 2024
Evaluating Introductions and Literature Reviews
September 16, 2024
Bullet List Evaluation: Student Reflection
Students’ perceptions of autonomy-supportive versus controlling teaching and basic need satisfaction versus frustration in relation to life skills development in PE (Cronin et al., 2019)
1. Does the Researcher Begin by Identifying a Specific Problem Area?
15
2. Does the Researcher Establish the Importance of the Problem Area?
16
3. Are any Underlying Theories Adequately Described?
17
4. Does the Introduction Move from Topic to Topic Instead of from Citation to Citation?
18
5. Are Very Long Introductions Broken into Subsections, Each with its Own Subheading?
19
6. Has the Researcher Provided Adequate Conceptual Definitions of Key Terms?
20
7. Has the Researcher Cited Sources for “Factual” Statements?
21
8. Do the Specific Research Purposes, Questions, or Hypotheses Logically Flow from the Introductory Material? -What are the research questions? -What are the hypotheses?
22
Mediator Variable
Hypotheses mentions mediator
Mediator variables explain the relationship between the IV and DV
Exercise
Weight Loss
Age
Reduced Caloric Intake
23
9. Overall, is the Introduction Effective and Appropriate?
24
Chapter 5: A Closer Look at Evaluating Reviews
In a small group, answer the evaluation questions from Chapter 5 for the article posted: (Punte, 2010)
Next Class…
Read: Pyrczak Chapters 6 & 7
& 2 Articles
Due Next Class:
Submit Introduction Critique (Causer, 2011)
& Prepare to critique Article in Class
image2.png
image3.png
image4.png
image5.jpeg
image6.png
image7.png
media1.mp4
image8.png
image1.png
image9.png
image10.png
image11.png
image16.png
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