Assignment: Evidence-Based Project, Part 3: Critical Appraisal of Research
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY ON COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE
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CLINICAL ISSUE OF INTEREST
My clinical issue of interest is the adverse effects of electroconvulsive treatment on cognitive performance.
Cognitive performance means variable mental abilities which include learning, reasoning, thinking, remembering, attention and decision making.
For decades human beings have been subject to therapies when they are exposed to certain infection .
The commonest therapy which has been used continuously is the electroconvulsive therapy which is aimed at treating depression and bipolar disorder which have been resistant to other treatments.
This therapy has been however an aspect of concern due to the adverse effects which it has on the human beings cognitive abilities which have been listed above.
Cognitive performance- different mental abilities including learning, reasoning, thinking, remembering, attention and decision making
Electroconvulsive therapy are usually aimed at treatment of depression and bipolar disorder which have been resistant to other treatment
Continous use of this therapy have been seen to have adverse effects on different individuals cognitive performance
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How PICOT questions was developed
The clinical issue of interest acted as a source of developing PICOT questions
For our case I developed the PICOT questions based on every element of PICOT question. The elements include P which is the patients problem, I which is the intervention , C which stands for comparison, O for the outcome and T for the time frame
In this case P will stand for the adverse effects of electroconvulsive therapy, I which is the intervention is the electroconvulsive therapy, C can be another form of therapy for example cognitive behavioral therapy, O which is the objective of treating the bipolar disorder patient while the time frame is 1 year.
Developing of PICOT question for the clinical issue of interest is based on the elements of PICOT which stands fro specific aspects, The P standing for patients problem, I fro intervention, C for comparison, O for objective and T for time frame
The PICOT question developed for the clinical issue of interest should therefore not miss out any of the elements for clarity
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Research data bases to search for articles
There are several data bases which were utilized in finding research articles for this study
The common data base is the Google scholar which contains variety of scholarly articles for the topic of interest, page press, pub med and academic search complete.
The sources chosen were strictly peer reviewed and were complying to the topic of interest which is the Electroconvulsive therapy adverse effects to an individual cognitive performance
Several databases were utilized in selecting of data bases for choosing peer reviewed articles for this topic of clinical interest, the databases include Google scholar, page press, pub med and academic search complete.
The data bases must comply with the topic of interest and the articles strictly peer reviewed
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Levels of evidence for the peer reviewed articles
The four articles can be placed on different levels of evidence
Article 1 can be placed on level V of evidence since it contains diverse information from systematic reviews of qualitative and quantitative studies. The reviews are from Bioque(2019) and psychiatry and clinical neurosciences
Article 2 and 3 can be placed on level VI since they obtain their evidence from single descriptive or qualitative study. The single descriptive or qualitative study is obtained from (Hirshbein, 2010)
Article 4 is placed in level V since they obtain their evidence from systematic meta analysis of different studies. According to Sasha (2017), treatment of dementia can be done in various ways. This particular information is derived from various researchers who have done this particular research on the same. This renders this article a level V article
Continuous use of systematic reviews has proven to be of great benefit in clinical research. The benefits include provision of extensive overview of available evidence on certain research topic. Besides that it enables a given researcher to identify certain research gaps and correct them
There are three levels of evidence for peer reviewed articles. Level V which evidence is obtained from meta analysis of studies, level VI which evidence is obtained from single descriptive studies while level VII which involves obtaining reports from expert committees
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Conclusion
Continuous use of electroconvulsive therapy has resulted to many individuals affecting their cognitive performance
Several articles have been written on the same and many stored as peer reviewed for future reference on the same aspects
To access peer reviewed article on this aspect several aspects are regarded of great importance such as Google scholar, pub press and pub med
References
Bioque, M., Mac‐Dowell, K. S., Meseguer, A., Macau, E., Valero, R., Vieta, E., ... & Bernardo, M. (2019). Effects of electroconvulsive therapy in the systemic inflammatory balance of patients with severe mental disorder. Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 73(10), 628-635.
Hirshbein, Laura1,Sarvananda & Sharmalie. (2000). History, power, and electricity: American popular magazine accounts of electroconvulsive therapy, 1940–2005. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences. Winter2008, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p1-18. 18p.ISSN: 0022-5061.DOI:10.1002/jhbs.20283
Hirshbein, L. D. (2010). Edward Shorter and David Healy. Shock Therapy: A History of Electroconvulsive Treatment in Mental Illness. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2007. 398 pp. $27.95 (cloth). ISBN 978-0813541693.
Sasha S. Getty, Lawrence R. Faziola. (2017).Adverse effects of electroconvulsive therapy on cognitive performance.electroconvulsive therapy, cognitive performance, Mental Illness Vol 9, Iss 2 (2017)& Directory of Open Access Journals.ISSN:2036-7457,2036-7465.DOI:10.4081/mi.2017.7181:http:// www.pagepress.org /journals/ index.php /mi/article/view/7181; https://doaj.org/toc/2036-7457; https://doaj.org/toc/2036-7465.edsdoj.f3ec8b67b007478b8b01590f1cc0f5b2