WK4 Test
1.
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Question 1
4.7 Points
The concept that individuals respond positively or negatively to their behavior, depending upon how it measures up to their personal standards, is a process Bandura calls:
1.
self-monitoring.
2.
self-efficacy.
3.
disinhibition.
4.
self-reaction.
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Question 2
4.7 Points
In Bandura's view, vicarious experiences are likely to have their strongest effect on self-efficacy when an observer:
1.
has extensive experience with an activity.
2.
sees a person of equal ability succeed.
3.
has a high level of locus of control.
4.
has a high level of physiological arousal.
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Question 3
4.7 Points
According to Kelly, _____ refers to a pattern of behavior that results from a person's understanding of the constructs of others with whom that person is engaged in a task.
1.
a trait
2.
personality
3.
socioeconomic status
4.
a role
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Question 4
4.7 Points
According to Rotter, people with high internal locus of control believe that:
1.
luck is the principal determiner of success.
2.
there will always be wars, no matter how hard people try to prevent them.
3.
they can do well in nearly everything.
4.
the source of control resides within themselves.
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Question 5
4.7 Points
Bandura sees modeling as:
1.
being the most important type of learning for high-status people.
2.
synonymous with mimicry.
3.
a more specific concept than imitation.
4.
a core element of observational learning.
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Question 6
4.7 Points
With reference to inner states such as thoughts and drives, Skinner said that they:
1.
are the foundations for explanations of behavior.
2.
motivate, but do not explain, behavior.
3.
are real, tangible, and reachable.
4.
exist but should not be used to explain behavior.
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Question 7
4.7 Points
According to Rotter, the most basic need is:
1.
independence.
2.
physical comfort.
3.
dominance.
4.
recognition-status.
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Question 8
4.7 Points
What was Skinner's position on such internal mental states as thinking and feeling?
1.
They are essential to understanding human behavior.
2.
None of these is correct.
3.
They do not exist because they cannot be observed from the outside.
4.
They exist, but scientists should not attribute behavior to them.
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Question 9
4.7 Points
According to Skinner, human behavior is shaped by:
1.
reproduction.
2.
living in society.
3.
the contingencies of survival.
4.
drives that have been learned.
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Question 10
4.7 Points
To Skinner, human personality is shaped by:
1.
natural selection.
2.
None of the answers is correct.
3.
contingencies of reinforcement.
4.
life-threatening dangers.
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Question 11
4.7 Points
Skinner viewed the unhealthy personality as:
1.
a means of coping with excessive social control.
2.
stemming from internal conflict.
3.
being essentially genetic in origin.
4.
lacking in productive interpersonal relationships.
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Question 12
4.7 Points
In the context of human agency, Albert Bandura proposed that:
1.
people lack forethought for setting goals.
2.
people are capable of self-reactiveness in the process of regulating their own behaviors.
3.
behavior is usually governed by the environment in which people live.
4.
behavior is a product of an individual's collective efficacy and biological predispositions.
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Question 13
4.7 Points
Sylvia has a fear of swimming. When she sees her classmate swimming comfortably in a swimming pool, she feels less anxious about swimming. According to Bandura, Sylvia is reducing her fear of swimming through:
1.
cognitive modeling.
2.
overt modeling.
3.
enactive mastery.
4.
displacement.
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Question 14
4.7 Points
Skinner explained problem solving using:
1.
cue-producing responses.
2.
the fact that humans have creative minds.
3.
the existence of a storehouse of memory.
4.
the reinforcement of covert behaviors.
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15.
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Question 15
4.7 Points
Which of the following statements is true about collective efficacy?
1.
It is most likely to be high in group-oriented systems.
2.
It springs from a collective "mind" rather than the personal efficacy of many people working together.
3.
It is usually found in individualistic cultures.
4.
It is independent of an individual's beliefs, skills, and knowledge.
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Question 16
4.7 Points
In Bandura's view, self-efficacy is most likely to be increased when:
1.
failure strengthens one's determination to succeed on future projects.
2.
one's best efforts fall a little short of success.
3.
one observes others failing at a task.
4.
one successfully performs a difficult task.
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Question 17
4.7 Points
Kelly believed that his theory of personality:
1.
emphasizes the importance of unconscious motivation.
2.
explains both human and animal behavior.
3.
is not subject to change or revision.
4.
was tentative and subject to scientific testing.
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Question 18
4.7 Points
At the core of Rotter's personality theory is his emphasis on:
1.
the study of aggression rather than submission.
2.
anticipated goals.
3.
the consistency of behavior.
4.
the role of evolution in shaping personality.
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Question 19
4.7 Points
According to Albert Bandura, which of the following statements is true of depressed people?
1.
They set low personal standards and goals.
2.
They are likely to make faulty judgments.
3.
Their actions are primarily influenced by the availability of immediate reinforcement.
4.
They tend to exaggerate their prior accomplishments.
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20.
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Question 20
4.7 Points
According to Mischel, behavior is determined by:
1.
the interaction between need potential and freedom of movement.
2.
relatively permanent personal dispositions.
3.
environmental contingencies.
4.
the interaction of person variables with situational variables.
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Question 21
4.7 Points
Skinner saw creative behavior as being the result of:
1.
mutations.
2.
intelligence.
3.
sublimations.
4.
imagination.
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Question 22
4.7 Points
The purpose of Kelly's fixed-role therapy is to:
1.
help clients function more productively in their jobs.
2.
solve specific problems.
3.
allow clients to discover hidden aspects of themselves.
4.
reconstruct permeable personal constructs.
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Question 23
4.7 Points
Rotter distinguished between internal reinforcement and external reinforcement. Internal reinforcement is determined by:
1.
the subjective perceptions of an event's value.
2.
biological needs.
3.
the values of society.
4.
a person's history of rewards and punishments.
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Question 24
4.7 Points
Mischel's personality model suggests that behavior is caused by:
1.
global personality traits acquired during infancy.
2.
people's view of environmental reinforcers.
3.
a unifying master motive acquired during early adolescence.
4.
people's view of themselves in a particular situation.
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Question 25
4.7 Points
Skinner believed that the most useful data for predicting and controlling behavior are people's:
1.
psychological components.
2.
constitutions.
3.
conscious perceptions.
4.
personal histories.
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26.
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Question 26
4.7 Points
Jeff has a fear of dogs. His therapist asks him to imagine patting a dog. The therapist and Jeff continue this exercise until Jeff feels less fearful of dogs. According to Albert Bandura, Jeff is being treated using the approach of:
1.
vicarious modeling.
2.
cognitive modeling.
3.
displacement.
4.
overt modeling.
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27.
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Question 27
4.7 Points
For Skinner, observable behavior:
1.
is limited to internal events.
2.
results from unconscious psychodynamic processes.
3.
is beyond the realm of science.
4.
is lawfully determined and can be studied scientifically.
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28.
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Question 28
4.7 Points
Bandura views human agency as:
1.
a means of reducing anxiety.
2.
the capacity to exercise control over our own lives.
3.
an autonomous agent in the control of behavior.
4.
a function of the interaction between environment and early experience.
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29.
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Question 29
4.7 Points
Mischel suggests that one reason why our behavior tends to be inconsistent is that we:
1.
have no unifying master motive.
2.
lack a consistent philosophy of life.
3.
cannot predict others' behavior.
4.
All of the answers are correct.
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30.
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Question 30
4.7 Points
In Rotter's theory of personality, what is the relationship between need potential and behavior potential?
1.
Need potential is a hypothetical concept, whereas behavior potential refers to an individual's actual behavior.
2.
Need potential can be measured solely through the observation of behavior, whereas behavior potential is inferred from test scores.
3.
Need potential refers to a group of functionally related behaviors, whereas behavior potential refers to a particular behavior.
4.
There is no relationship between these two concepts.
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Details & Information
· Assessment due date2/7/23, 1:59 AM (EST)
· AttemptsUnlimited
· Originality Report SafeAssign enabled
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Maximum points
141 points
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