Outline of Prospectus Draft
Running head: AFRICAN AMERICAN MALE JUVENILE REHABILITATION VERSUS INCARCERATION PUNISHMENT 1
AFRICAN AMERICAN MALE JUVENILE REHABILITATION VERSUS INCARCERATION PUNISHMENT 4
African American Male Juvenile Rehabilitation versus Incarceration Punishment
Mia Lee
Walden University
African American Male Juvenile Rehabilitation versus Incarceration Punishment
González, T. (2017). Youth incarceration, health, and length of stay. Fordham Urb. LJ, 45, 45.
According to this source, youths from the marginalized communities face the stress and disproportionate juvenile systems differently ac compared to youths from other communities. Even though there have been strides in the juveniles system due to improvements in rehabilitation and other policies, the length other stay of the African American male youths in confinement and the level of punishments when incarcerated exceeds what is stipulated on the policies. Therefore, this implies that African American male youths faces tough incarceration punishments including having longer stays within the correction or punitive justice systems. I will use this source to illustrate how youth incarceration among the male African American youths is adverse and different from other communities.
Donaldson-Richard, K. (2020). Effects of Laws, Policies, and Rehabilitation Programs on African American Male Juvenile Recidivism in Southwest Georgia.
This source provides an overview of the juvenile justice system program in Georgia. Based on the findings, rehabilitation laws in Georgia need to be revised because of the increase in the rate of recidivism among the African American male youths. Juvenile justice systems are meant to rehabilitate youth offenders and try to minimize cases of recidivism, however, in Georgia, there is an increase in the rate of recidivism among male youths of color. This source is essential for my dissertation because it highlights the facts that African American male youths do not benefit from rehabilitation programs offered by the American juvenile system because of the increased rates of recidivism.
Atkin-Plunk, C. A. (2020). Should all violent offenders be treated equally? Perceptions of punishment and rehabilitation for violent offenders with varying attributes. Victims & Offenders, 15(2), 218-242.
According to this source, violent offenders should be treated equally. Governments are always pragmatic towards the control of crimes; however, policies and individuals argue that tough punishments should be given to violent offenders as compared to nonviolent offenders. Many people argue that nonviolent offenders should be rehabilitated while violent offenders should face incarceration punishments. Such policies are more likely to affect African American male youths because, they are often associated with violent crimes. Therefore, they will face harsh punishments when incarcerated as compared to white male youths. This source will help in supporting my dissertation topic because it highlights the different perceptions towards offenders and varying degrees.
Hinton, E., & Cook, D. (2020). The Mass Criminalization of Black Americans: A Historical Overview. Annual Review of Criminology, 4.
According to Hinton and Cook, criminalization and incarceration of African American male youths is an issue of concern. The source says that policymakers enforce laws for social control in black dominated communities from the past to date. The study carried out in the source aims at underscoring the punitive strategies towards the blacks because it is key in developing strategies to control crimes and mass incarceration in America. Through this source, it is evident that male black youths face tough punitive measures in incarceration facilities as compared to other races. More so, when they are taken into rehabilitation, chances of recidivism is higher. This is a vital source to develop my dissertation argument that juvenile rehabilitation and incarceration punishments for male Black youths are tough and harsher as compared to other races.
Feld, B. C. (2018). Punishing kids in juvenile and criminal courts. Crime and Justice, 47(1), 417-474.
Between 1980s and 90s, the juvenile justice policies were pegged on offender-oriented rehabilitation, however, after some time, policymakers shifted this approach to punitive and criminalized measures. Delinquencies are minor and are prevalent to adverse effects within the juvenile rehabilitation programs and incarceration programs. African American male youths are prone to these adverse effects. However, for this population, when in rehabilitation, they are not guided well and hence, prone to recidivism. More so, when they are incarcerated, African American male youths faces harsh punishments unlike their white counterparts in the juvenile justice system because of racial and social inequities. I will use this source to support my dissertation topic because it provides evidence that policymakers have shifted from rehabilitation to incarceration punishment, which are harsh measures to the youths of color.
Welch, K., Butler, L. F., & Gertz, M. (2019). Saving children, damning adults? An examination of public support for juvenile rehabilitation and adult punishment. Criminal Justice Review, 44(4), 470-491.
According to the authors of this source, fear of crime and the perceptions towards victimization risks have strengthened support for harsh incarceration punishments and reduced rehabilitation support. Crime salience leads to the support of harsh punishments towards offenders especially adult offenders. Having said that, African American male youths are believed to be salient criminals and therefore, most juvenile systems opts for incarceration punishments as compared to rehabilitations because, according to the policymakers, African American male youths deserves harsh punishments and rehabilitation only leads to recidivism. I will use this source to support my dissertation topic on rehabilitation versus incarceration punishment among male youths of color.
Showers, C. (2021). Risks for African American Male Youth Involved in the Juvenile Justice System.
The author of this article argues that African American male youths involved in the juvenile justice system faces several risks. Showers use this source to provide the research and findings regarding factors and risks that expose the African American youths to juvenile delinquency. Evidently, African American male youths under rehabilitation or incarceration punishment are treated differently as compared to youths from the majority race. According to the findings of this source, there is lack of equality in the juvenile system. African American male youths in the rehabilitation and incarceration punishment systems faces negative changes, treatment s and sometimes, the policies established do not allow them to engage their families. Such insights are ideal for my dissertation because they highlight the treatment that African American male juvenile youths faces in rehabilitation and incarceration punishments.
Dragomir, R. R., & Tadros, E. (2020). Exploring the impacts of racial disparity within the American juvenile justice system. Juvenile and Family Court Journal, 71(2), 61-73.
The authors of this source provide an exploration of how racial disparities in the American juvenile justice systems affect African American male youths. The source depicts that the American juvenile justice system is not favorable to the male youths of color. More so, the authors states that in America, male youths of color makes up to 34% of the total population in the US, however, 62% of these are judged with juvenile cases facing rehabilitation or incarceration. Due to policing practices and residential segregation, many male youths in America faces racial disparity, inequity and imprisonment. More so, there are issues in rehabilitation and incarceration punishment rendered to these youths because there are higher chances of recidivism among the black male youths as compared to the whites. I will use this source in my dissertation because it provides more information regarding the role one’s race plays in rehabilitation or incarceration in the American juvenile system.
Western, B., & Wildeman, C. (2008). Punishment, inequality, and the future of mass incarceration. U. Kan. L. Rev., 57, 851.
According to the authors of this source, citizenship is a result of social inequity. According to this source, social inequity in public institutions such as the juvenile justice systems have been blended to become natural and justified. The inequities arise from the issues of belonging to a given community. Therefore, the source implies that institutionalized inequities are difficult to meant whatsoever. This source is essential to use in my dissertation because it highlights how social inequities is rampant in the American juvenile system, implying that African American male youths are highly susceptible to social inequities in the rehabilitation and incarceration punishments.
Miguel, C., & Gargano, J. (2017). Moving beyond retribution: Alternatives to punishment in a society dominated by the school-to-prison pipeline. Humanities, 6(2), 15.
The authors of this source provide alternatives to the dominant approach to punish the youths in the society. There is a tendency of governments funneling children and the youths from schools into juvenile corrective systems. These students are treated as criminals and find it hard to fit into such systems. These places like schools are meant to provide children and youths with a safe place for rehabilitation unlike when they are in incarceration punishment facilities. For African American male youths, this funnel of school to prison is trajectory to them because they cause systematic injustices. I will use this source to establish that the society can have alternative measures to help youth offenders other than school-prison systems of rehabilitation and incarceration.