Assignment: Annotated Bibliography
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Week 1 Assignment Annotated Bibliography
Johnny Williams III
Walden University
CRJS 3003: Law Enforcment
Dr. John Walker
September 5, 2020
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Annotated Bibliography
The contemporary issue that I believe will affect how law enforcement is applied in the
future is that of the use of excessive force by police officers which has cause the trust and respect
of law enforcement to decline. The issue is not a new issue that has just starting to happen.
Technology is what is being used to shine on a light on the brutality that some people have
suffered by the hands of those that were sworn to serve and protect the very public that has been
terrorized, now we have such technology as cell phones, social media and various other outlets
that is being used as a way to reach out and show people the other side. I believe that the use of
such technology is important for protection of all parties and I feel that the officer should be able
to execute their job without fear of scrutiny.
Annotated Bibliography
Sondel, J., & Knowles, H. (2020, June 10). George Floyd died after officers didn’t step in. These
police say they did — and paid a price. The Washington
Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/10/police-culture-duty-to-
intervene/
In this article about George Floyd’s death at the hands of Minneapolis police officers
after trying to use a counterfeit $20 bill could have been prevented. There were three
other officers who were present at the time. The article features officers who tried to step
in on fellow officers and paid the price of losing there jobs by trying to step in and do the
right thing like former Buffalo officer name Cariol Horne who back in 2006 tried to
intervene as one of her fellow officers chocked a handcuffed black male by trying to
move his arm from choking the detained suspect. Now because she tried to intervene the
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officer accused her of fighting against him while he was trying to detain the suspect, she
was fired because at the time there were no camera footage and the other officers that
were present did not speak up for her. The same officer three years later committed a
similar abuse to four teenagers and this time was convicted and sent to prison which
could have been prevented if the first incident were looked more into.
The use of this source will be to show why some police officers are not easily to
intervene when something is happening during an arrest to make them look like they are
going against a fellow officer which they should be able to speak up or intervene in a way
that will not warrant retaliation for doing so or maybe even face being fired. Sondel &
Knowles (2020) shows in this article why the officers present did not step in on the
George Floyd arrest this is something that has been happening not just there but really all
of the United States and now with the use of footage being captured on cell phones and
shared on social media shines the light on this.
Ly, L. (2014, November 19). Can cell phones stop police
brutality? CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2014/11/18/us/police-cell-phone-
videos/index.html
Ly discussed will cell phone cameras be enough to stop police brutality? At the time of
this article it was after the death of Eric Garner who at the time was choked to death by
police officer after complaining that he could not breathe and did not put up any
resistance all of what was captured by a cell phone video. Ly talks about various accounts
of incidents that were captured on cell phones by civilians showing incidents of police
encounters that turned out to be abuse of authority around New York city.
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The source will be used to show that when law enforcement agencies initiate the
use of body cameras from officers and to embrace this technology. What has been noticed
by the agencies that uses this technology there has been noted a significant drop of
complaints by the public regarding officers. The technology not only protects the public,
but it will very well protect an officer who may have dealt with someone that just want to
cause a problem because they may have gotten a ticket or arrested.
Alang, S., McAlpine, D., McCreedy, E., & Hardeman, R. (2017, May). Police brutality and
Black health: Setting the agenda for public health scholars. PubMed Central
(PMC). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388955/
Alang et al. provided a investigation into the link of police brutality with poor health in
the black community. The article looks at five different pathways and those are fatal
injuries and mortality rates, adverse physiological response, racial public reactions and
stress, oppressive structures last incarcerations along with financial strains.
I plan to use the article to show why there is such a tension with law enforcement
when it comes to dealing with black people. Everyone sees it now because of the
technology of today with the use of cells phone, body cameras amongst other things. The
interactions have been this way since the beginning of policing which has been a very
long time and allowed for plenty of tension to be build up between the two. You have a
group of people that feel like they are always being targeting while on the other hand you
have the officers who feel like every time that they are doing their jobs they are being
disrespected when trying to fulfill their duty.
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