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Running Head: MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 1

MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 6

Annotated Bibliography

Ashley Williams

MGMT 610

Prof. Jeremy Plotnick

3 March 2018

Research Question: Ethical Behavior in American Red Cross

I need you to clarify which source below, if any, is the case study for your paper, and clearly present your research question. When these matters are addressed I will revisit this grade.

55/100

Both the research question [phrased as a specific question] and the case study need to be presented at the top of this document.

There seems to be some confusion in terms of the selection of reference material. The common denominator is the Red Cross. The Red Cross is fine as a subject for a case study, but the reference material should relate to the issue that your research question is focused on (ethics, diversity, corporate culture, organizational change, whatever).

The document should be proofed for grammar and typos.

[The references are not in APA format – only the title of the journal should be in italics.]

Hunsaker, J. (2007). American Red Cross: Under Fire. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 13(3), 105. [If this is your case study it should be noted as such. Also, the case study does not count as one of the ‘sources’.]

In the article, ‘American Red Cross: Under Fire,’ the author describes the case study that involved the governance of the San Diego Imperial County, this was the California Chapter [It is not clear if the governance issue was just with San Diego Imperial Country or with all of California] of the American Red Cross in the period of during and the aftermath of the Viejas fire. The Viejas fire incident was a 2001 fast-moving wildfire whipped by winds that burned over 5,500 acres of dry bush, and on its path destroying homes forcing residents to flee. The article relates how Dodie Rotherham, who was the CEO of the chapter, lost touch with the community and inappropriately used fire victim’s donations. This case study can be used in demonstrating the effects leadership has on a non-profit organization (NPO). The article also offers recommendations for management students in teaching them about nonprofit organizations.

Jones, M. M. (2010). The American Red Cross and local response to the 1918 influenza pandemic: a four-city case study. Public health reports, 125(3_suppl), 92-104. [You should only use one case study for this assignment. If you choose to reference additional case studies they need to directly address your research question.]

According to the author, Marian Moser Jones, the role played by the American Red Cross in the U.S. response to the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic holds crucial lessons in responding to current-day pandemic responses. The article examines local ARC responses in Boston, St. Louis, Pittsburgh, and Richmond, Virginia. The response by ARC demonstrated the coordination of nursing for both civilian and military cases, where medical supplies were procured and produced. How patients, health workers, and bodies were transported, and how the ARC helped influenza victims’ families. However, the organization's effectiveness was different among localities. The article highlights findings that showed the persistently local character of pandemic response, as well as demonstrate the importance of close, sustained, and timely coordination among state and public health authorities [Is the work federal or national missing here?] and the voluntary organizations before, during, and after public health emergencies. The author illustrates further the persistently local character of these types of emergencies while underscoring the centrality and limits of voluntarism in the American public health [sector/system].

Orwig, M. L. (2011). The new kind of hospital volunteer: Ethics within a not-for-profit organization. Business Communication Quarterly, 74(3), 313-329.

The consensus among many experts is that the recession is over in the US. However, the benefits are yet to be yielded [This is not correct English. ‘….have not materialized…] - as many employees still feel they are paid less for the workload they handle. The concept offor less compensation for employees is not a new phenomenon, noreither will it end soon. However, no one is talking about how volunteers in non-profit organizations are affected by the economic recession. The author poses the question; Are volunteers also expected to do more work for no monetary compensation? Healthcare has undergone several major organizational changes in the recent years, such as the rapid emergence and growth of investor-owned for-profit organizations, the emergence of several types of not-for-profit and for-profit hybrid organizations. The other changes include the development of a significant for-profit component among all types of providers and the new wave of physician entrepreneurship. Therefore, this case study explains how the duties asked of hospital volunteers are changing. The article ends with the discussion of ethics relating to the volunteer descriptions used at a not-for-profit organization.

Rich, K. A., & Giles, A. R. (2015). Managing Diversity to Provide Culturally Safe Sport Programming: A Case Study of the Canadian Red Cross’s Swim Program. Journal of Sport Management, 29(3), 305-317. [Case study #3?]

The authors of this article examine the piloting of a cultural safety training module in the Canadian Red Cross (CRC’s) Water Safety Instructor Development Program. The article makes use of thematic analysis of interviews with program participants. T,and the facilitators revealed two major themes; that accommodation for cultural and ethnic diversity is difficult to achieve in aquatics settings, and inclusion is valued and important by the instructors. The authors used Doherty and Chelladurai’s (1999) framework to comprehend the strengths and weakness of the pilot module. The authors propose that instructor’s cultural safety training alone will not lead to the provision of culturally safe sport; rather, there needs to be a change in the overall organizational culture for success. The findings make three contributions to the literature; the authors bridge the existing bodies of literature on critical Whiteness theory and sports management literature that addresses diversity management. Secondly, they explore the novel application of cultural safety training for instructors of a sports program. Third, they offer a recommendation that will enable a facilitative and supportive organizational culture concerning inclusion and welcoming of both cultural and ethnic diversity in aquatics programming. [This is a really specific case – I would need to know what aspect of this article addresses your research question.]

Sisco, H. F., Collins, E. L., & Zoch, L. M. (2010). Through the looking glass: A decade of Red Cross crisis response and situational crisis communication theory. Public Relations Review, 36(1), 21-27.

Among the hot topics emerging in the public relations literature, crisis management has surfaced among the leadersing ones. Despite all these, very little attention has been paid towards nonprofit organizations (NPOs), which is among the largest sectors of the public relations practice. More specifically, few studies have examined that the crisis response strategy NPOs can use to mend their reputations. For NPOs such as the Red Cross and others, when they are faced with a crisis, communication with their publics is of vital importance in restoring positive reputation and continued success of the organization after the crisis passes. The authors based their study on Coombs (2007) work; Protecting organization reputations during a crisis: The development and application of situational crisis communication theory (SCCT). The theory posits that certain public relations’ crisis situations are better resolved if the organizations adopt specific crisis response strategies. [Again, what is the point of including this article, as it is more about PR than Organizational Theory?]

References

Hunsaker, J. (2007). American Red Cross: Under Fire. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 13(3), 105.

Jones, M. M. (2010). The American Red Cross and local response to the 1918 influenza pandemic: a four-city case study. Public health reports, 125(3_suppl), 92-104.

Orwig, M. L. (2011). The new kind of hospital volunteer: Ethics within a not-for-profit organization. Business Communication Quarterly, 74(3), 313-329.